Adolescence is an intermediate period between childhood and adulthood. Adolescence is a component of emotional formations, mental changes and physical maturity. This period is exciting and refreshing, but also frightening and confusing. Adolescence is a difficult transition period in terms of development, with intense fluctuations generally experienced between the ages of 11 and 21. In this period; Many physical, emotional and psycho-social changes and developments occur. In general, it is observed that there is instability in the adolescent's emotions during this period. He experiences his emotions exaggeratedly and enthusiastically. He dreams more intensely than in other periods, and sometimes moves away from reality. He may want to be alone from time to time. Feeling tired and therefore reluctance to work may draw attention. He/she may become shy due to physical changes. It is observed that friendship is a very important focal point in this period, along with the desire to hide oneself and not inform the environment about these changes. Since the adolescent's need to be liked and appreciated is at the forefront during this period, if this need is not met within the family, turning to outside the family is often observed.
Adolescence is one of the fastest growth stages of human development. The most important developments regarding the concrete structure of the adolescent are height and weight increase, skeletal and muscle development, development of the internal secretion system and growths in various organs. Among the physical and hormonal changes experienced during this period, clearly observed in men; deepening of voice in girls; breast development and fat deposits in certain areas. When the changes in the emotional and behavioral fields are examined; In this period, instead of the well-balanced and harmonious child of the family, the child is difficult to like and reacts suddenly, experiences ups and downs in his emotions, shows his joy and anger exaggeratedly, can quickly turn some situations into problems for himself and those around him, has decreased interest in lessons, his personal desires have increased, An individual who finds the rights given inadequate, does not follow the rules, is disorganized, prefers to be alone and confidential, likes to be included in a group and mostly wants to be with his friends.
In this period, adolescents, ann. The dependency in their relationship with e-father gradually decreases. While they want to make their own decisions and be free, they are also not ready to be completely independent. Therefore, they also need suggestions and guidance from families. Adolescents may experience some minor conflicts with their parents in line with their wishes, and these conflicts may also turn into outbursts of anger from time to time. Parents should not see these outbursts as disrespect or rebellion towards them. In this case, waiting for him to calm down will give the adolescent the feeling of being understood.
Conflicts that have occurred and may occur are an indication that adolescents have grown up and become individuals who have something to say. However, families should instill in adolescents the idea that conflicts can be handled in a civilized way, without being hurtful or traumatic. During these ages when children are adolescents, parents are most likely going through a period where they are trying to cope with the problems brought by responsibilities. With mutual understanding and tolerance, adolescents can be encouraged that their relationships will be less problematic.
During this period, one of the biggest changes observed in the adolescent's mood is an increase in depressive mood. Depressive mood during adolescence is usually experienced for a short time. The adolescent feels sad and bad, but this does not prevent him from continuing his normal life.
An adolescent who fully experiences depressive disorder feels worthless, prefers to stay away from his friends and the social environment, loses his energy and life. His motivation is lower than his peers, he gets angry easily, he can react excessively to criticism, he is generally observed in a sad and unhappy mood, he has low self-confidence, he believes that he cannot achieve his ideals, he is uncertain about his work and life, he has difficulty concentrating and forgets easily, he reflects a general state of restlessness, he does not eat well. and their sleeping habits are irregular, they have problems with authority figures, they may have substance abuse and suicidal tendencies. Among the reasons why an adolescent may have a depression disorder: lack of love from childhood, feeling of loneliness, death, separation, exposure to physical and sexual abuse in childhood Traumatic processes such as death, lack of social skills, chronic and genetic diseases, related to these include curiosity about death and the desire to upset relatives.
Depressive mood may change within a few hours or may last for a few days. Continuous depressive mood may cause the adolescent's school success to decrease, communication problems with family and friends, and substance use. Three important factors that cause depression to occur in adolescence can be mentioned. These; biological, psycho-social and cognitive-behaviors are factors. When studies examining biological effects are evaluated; As a result of studies conducted with identical twins and adopted children, it was found that heredity is an important factor in depression.
When the psycho-social factors seen among the causes of depression are examined; Divorce, separation, loss of a family member and socio-economic difficulties experienced in childhood increase the risk of teenage depression.
When cognitive-behavioral factors, which are another factor, are examined, personal skills, distorted thoughts about self. and stress are among the topics studied for teenage depression. Research based on these studies shows that low activity levels and insufficient interpersonal communication increase the risk of depression becoming permanent. Depression can be accompanied by a number of different disorders, but it is also a disorder that can be seen alone and needs to be treated. The affective state we encounter. Although depression is frequently seen in adolescents among adolescent disorders, the symptoms are not as obvious as the clinical symptoms we encounter in adults, causing depression in adolescents to appear with the symptoms of accompanying disorders and causing it to emerge as masked depression.
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