The genders, genetics and physical characteristics of babies born in monozygotic twins are the same. If two eggs are fertilized simultaneously by two sperm, this is called fraternal twins (dizygotic). Dizygotics can be of the same or different gender. A woman with fraternal twins has a 10 times higher chance of repeating the same condition in her next birth than any other expectant mother. Genetic transmission is important here, and the father's contribution to this is very small. The chance of giving birth to twins is higher between the ages of 35-40. In those who use birth control pills for a long time and stop taking them, the probability of twins increases due to the rebound effect of the drug. The division time of the fertilized egg is extremely important, and conjoined twins occur in the division that occurs after the 15th day. Twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome may occur in identical twins if the placenta is single. This is an undesirable situation and affects both babies negatively.
In 20% of twin pregnancies, one of the fetuses may disappear spontaneously and the pregnancy continues as a single pregnancy. Clinically, the uterus is larger than expected in twin pregnancies. The mother may gain excessive weight. The excess amniotic fluid increases 10 times compared to normal. The risk of fetal anomaly in multiple pregnancies is 3 times higher than in singleton pregnancies. Premature birth, membranes rupture, early amniotic fluid release, and perinatal death rates are higher. Preeclampsia and eclampsia, known as pregnancy poisoning, are more common in multiple pregnancies. Disorders in carbohydrate metabolism and related diabetes are more common in the mother. In addition, urinary tract infection and anemia are more common in mothers than in single mothers. Multiple pregnancy is a very special situation for both the mother and the fetus, and it is necessary to be more careful both during pregnancy and during birth.
Mothers-to-be should be followed up more frequently than normal. . Vitamin, iron and folic acid supplements should be sufficient. Fetuses should be examined carefully for possible malformations. The incidence of developmental delay in fetuses has increased and is around 17%. In half of the cases, both fetuses are cephalad. In 33% of cases, one is in the head and the other is in the breech position, in 10% of the cases, it is in the side position, and in 10% of the cases, both are in the breech position. Sometimes the first baby is born vaginally, the baby coming from behind For expectant mothers, it may be necessary to perform an emergency cesarean section. Cord prolapse is 4 times more likely in multiple pregnancies. The average birth week for twin pregnancies is 36-37 weeks, for triplets it is the 33rd week, and for quadruplets it is the 31st week.
With care in comprehensive perinatology units, premature babies born as a result of multiple pregnancies are successfully cared for. is being done. More than 90% of babies born after 28 weeks survive. In twins, central nervous system disease and respiratory system diseases are more common in the second baby. If the weight difference between both twins is more than 300 grams, the IQ of the older monozygotic twin will be higher. If the birth weight of one twin is more than 20% more than the other, the twin will never be able to catch up with its partner.
In order to minimize the risks of multiple pregnancy and prevent premature birth, the mother should rest plenty, stay away from stress and drink plenty of fluids. He should pay particular attention to his nutrition and consume balanced, protein-rich foods that do not cause weight gain.
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