Progesterone is a hormone produced by the cells remaining in this area after the egg grows and cracks. It can be understood whether the expectant mother is ovulating regularly or not by checking the progesterone hormone on the 21st day of the menstrual period. A progesterone level above 10-15 on the 21st day of menstruation indicates that there is ovulation that month. If there is pregnancy, the certainty of ovulation becomes evident. If the egg is not fertilized, that is, there is no embryo, progesterone production decreases. The uterine wall is prepared by the secreted progesterone. If there is no fertilization, a new menstrual cycle begins with menstrual bleeding.
Progesterone hormone plays an important role in the menstrual cycle and the early stages of pregnancy. In vitro fertilization treatments prepare the body for pregnancy in case the egg is fertilized. After the egg and sperm cells are fertilized, the endometrial glands stimulate the uterine wall and allow blood vessels to grow to nourish the embryo. Progesterone enables the fertilized egg to attach to the prepared uterine wall and helps protect the endometrium throughout pregnancy. In the early stages of pregnancy, the placenta is formed to support and maintain the pregnancy with progesterone. Once the placenta is established, progesterone takes over production around the 12th week of pregnancy. During pregnancy, progesterone plays an important role in fetal development. It also stimulates the growth of breast tissue, prevents lactation, and strengthens the pelvic wall muscles.
Progesterone level in the body gradually increases throughout pregnancy. Low progesterone levels during pregnancy may cause premature birth. Synthetic progesterone can be given to expectant mothers who are at risk of premature birth.
There are no known medical drawbacks of very high progesterone levels. It is already expected and beneficial to be high during pregnancy. Progesterone is used by women as a birth control pill, alone or in combination with estrogen. Normal progesterone values in in vitro fertilization treatments should be as follows: follicular phase: 0.2-1.4 ng/ml, luteal phase: 4-25 ng/ml, menopause: 01.-1 ng/ml, men: 01.-1 ng/ml.
It is known that progesterone supplements in in vitro fertilization treatment may provide some benefit in individual cases. These medications affect progesterone levels. Therefore, during in vitro fertilization treatment During in vitro fertilization, progesterone supplementation may be needed to compensate for the decrease in the ability of the ovaries to produce progesterone.
During in vitro fertilization treatment, progesterone supplementation can usually be started a few days after the egg is collected. Progesterone supplements are usually given as a vaginal suppository, subcutaneous or intramuscular injection. Current research has focused on improving the effectiveness of oral preparations of progesterone because it has been found that only 10% of progesterone is absorbed when taken orally. During in vitro fertilization treatment, progesterone supplementation can be safely withdrawn during a positive pregnancy (hCG) test because the body begins to secrete progesterone spontaneously at this stage.
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