Female ovaries, called ovaries in medical terms, are a part of the female reproductive system.
They are located in the lower abdomen on both sides of the uterus. As part of the menstrual cycle, the ovaries release an egg every 28 days. This is the process known as ovulation
. The ovaries also produce the female hormones estrogen and
progesterone.
Cysts are usually benign, meaning they are not cancerous, and treatment is usually not required
. Sometimes, a fluid-filled sac called a cyst develops on one of the ovaries. A cyst
has a closed sac-like structure. It is separated from the surrounding tissue by a membrane. It contains liquid, gas or
semi-solid substance. The outer part of a cyst is called the cyst wall.
If the cyst diameter is over 5 cm, it may need to be removed surgically.
Ovarian Cyst Symptoms
Although most cysts have no symptoms, symptoms of an ovarian cyst may include:
-Groin pain
-Irregular and possibly painful menstrual bleeding.
-Dyspareunia: This is pelvic pain that occurs during sexual intercourse.
-Abdominal problems: There may be bloating or heaviness in the abdomen.
Ovarian Cyst Types
There are two main ovarian cysts: Functional ovarian cysts. and pathological cysts.
Functional ovarian cysts
It is the most common type. These harmless cysts form part of a woman's normal menstrual cycle
and are short-lived.
There are two types of functional ovarian cysts:
1. Follicular cysts
It is a common type of cyst seen in every woman.
It is a type of cyst that commonly occurs in the follicle in the fluid, is painless and passes very quickly.
It is called follicular cyst.
2. Luteal ovarian cysts
The type of cyst that is less common and occurs at long intervals and causes painful menstrual periods is called luteal ovarian cyst.
>Pathological cysts
These ovarian cysts can be harmless or malignant (cancerous).
There are two types of pathological cysts:
1. Dermoid cysts (cystic teratomas)
Egg-producing cells The type of pathological cyst that consists of cells, is completely benign, and is generally seen in women under the age of 30 is called dermoid cyst. These cysts
must be removed surgically.
2. Ovarian cystadenomas
The type of pathological cyst that grows outside the egg rather than inside it, is likely to be cancerous and requires immediate
surgical intervention is called ovarian cystadenomas.
This type of ovary The cyst usually begins to appear after the age of 40.
Ovarian Cyst Diagnosis
Ovarian cysts are usually diagnosed during examination. Its location, size,
shape and content can be determined by ultrasound. When necessary, advanced imaging methods such as computed tomography and MRI can be used.
Ovarian Cyst Treatment
The doctor evaluates the cyst to decide whether it needs treatment.
Most ovarian cysts go away on their own without medical treatment. However,
the person may need treatment depending on the following:
-Size and appearance of the cyst
-Symptoms
-Whether or not there is menopause
Usually, most cysts disappear on their own within a few months. If there is no regression or disappearance of the cyst or if it grows gradually, then;
Birth control pills: Birth control pills in recurrent ovarian cysts
They can prevent the formation of ovarian cysts by suppressing ovulation. Birth
control pills also significantly reduce the risk of ovarian cancer.
Laparoscopy: It can be performed if the cyst is small and there is no suspicion of cancer in diagnostic tests
. It is also known as the closed method. Recovery time is short.
Laparotomy: In the presence of very large cysts or cysts that are suspected to be cancerous
it may be necessary to remove the cyst through a large incision made in the abdomen. If cancer is detected during the pathological examination performed during surgery
in some cases, complementary
extensive surgery may be required.
Read: 0
