Cotard syndrome
People affected by this delusional disorder believe they are dead or have been absent for some time. Also known as the "walking corpse syndrome", this condition was first described by Dr Jules Cotard in 1882. Although it is a rare condition, it can accompany schizophrenia and affective psychoses. In a case published in the journal Cortex in 2013, a person attempted suicide with an electric current in a bathtub, believed to be brain dead after being brought back to life. It has been observed that there is no desire for the things that cheer him up in the past, and even the intake of food is done by compulsion. PET imaging gave a shocking result, frontal and parietal regions of the brain, but showed brain activity at the level of patients in a coma.
Rapunzel syndrome
People with this syndrome plucks and eats their own hair (trichotillomania) (tricophagia). This psychiatric behavior is more common in children and adolescents. If left untreated, hair deposits collect in the stomach and can clog the gut. It can be observed in depression, bulimia or personality disorders.
Alien hand syndrome
In this neurological disorder, one hand is not under voluntary control and exhibits involuntary movements. A hand may exhibit an aggressive character and cause the patient to hit himself and injure himself. In a case described in The Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry, an 81-year-old woman fears for her left hand after repeated attempts to strangle herself. Researchers have detected lesions in brain manifestations such as the corpus callosum, frontal or occipital lobes. These can be observed in diseases such as stroke, neurodegenerative diseases or brain tumors, in which inhibition (the ability of the brain to brake negative behaviors) is impaired. Cognitive behavioral therapy, botox injections and anticonvulsant therapy are used in the treatment. their perceptions are impaired. Also known as "Todd's syndrome", this condition is characterized by large or large areas of the body or surrounding objects. It is also perceived as small (macropsy, micropsy). According to a case reported in The Journal of Pediatric Neuroscience, a 6-year-old boy had the perception that all the objects in his room seemed microscopically small and far away 15-20 minutes after he went to bed. Although the causes of this condition are not fully known, it may be associated with migraines, temporal lobe epilepsy, brain tumors, Epstein-Barr virus infection or use of hallucinogenic substances. Migraine prophylaxis can be used in the treatment.
Munchmeyer syndrome
This genetic disease known as Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP) or “stone man syndrome” is a progressive disease of connective tissue. It is a disorder in which it somehow turns into bone tissue. It occurs as a result of the mutation of the ACVR1 (Activin A receptor Type 1) gene, which controls growth factors in bone and muscle tissue and is important for bone development during development. Mutation occurs spontaneously or by autosomal dominant inheritance. It is a very disabling and life-limiting disease that usually starts with tooth deformations, joint stiffness, movement problems, and finally respiratory complications with the involvement of the ribs. Since new bone formation occurs as a result of injuries, the affected tissue cannot be removed.
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