What is Endometriosis (Chocolate Cyst)? How Is It Treated?

Endometriosis is a disease seen in women of reproductive age. The disease takes its name from the “endometrium” tissue that covers the inner layer of the uterus and thickens and sheds every month during the menstrual period.

Why Does a Chocolate Cyst Cause?

Endometriosis is a disease seen in women of reproductive age. The disease takes its name from the "endometrium" tissue that lays the inner layer of the uterus and thickens and sheds every month during the menstrual period. In endometriosis, the endometrium tissue, which should normally be found in the inner layer of the uterus, is also found in other parts of the body outside the uterus. These endometriosis foci outside the uterus can cause pain, infertility and some other problems. The most common sites of endometriosis are in the abdominal cavity, especially in the ovaries, the uterine tubes, the ligaments that support the uterus, the area between the uterus and the anal canal, which we call the vagina, the outer surface of the uterus, the surface of the abdominal cavity called the pelvis, and they respond to the hormones that govern the menstrual cycle. Thickening, destruction and bleeding occur in these areas as in the inside. Despite this, unlike the layer that covers the uterus, the endometrium outside the uterus does not have the opportunity to leave the body in the form of menstrual blood. For this reason, bleeding into itself and damage to the surrounding tissues by the tissue and blood spilled from these foci result in inflammation and connective tissue formation in the surrounding tissues. If endometriosis settles on the ovary and becomes a cyst, it is called an endometrioma (chocolate cyst). pain,

Inguinal pain during sexual intercourse,

Inability to conceive,

Bleeding like spotting before menstruation,

Constipation - diarrhea,

How to Treat Endometriosis?

Treatment of endometriosis is done in two ways as drug and surgical treatment:

Drug treatment: To prevent menstrual pain in early stage disease, to regulate menstruation sting and endometry The main drug groups used to suppress otic foci; birth control pills, progestins, danazol and GnRH analogs.

Surgical treatment: Surgery can also be performed in endometriosis to reduce pain and increase fertility potential. Endometriotic tissues are removed with surgery and adhesions developed in that area are released. The aim is to restore normal anatomy.

Pain may recur within 2 years in 40-80% of cases, although pain complaints subside in many women after surgery. trying to be achieved.

What is Chocolate Cyst Burst? How to Tell?

Sudden burst (rupture) may develop due to excessive stretching or pulling in endometrioma cysts that grow too much. Since chocolate cysts are sticky to the surrounding tissues, the movements of the organs or tissues to which they adhere also cause these cysts to be stretched and/or pulled.

• In addition, blows or traumas to the abdomen from the outside can also cause chocolate cysts to burst.
• The most important symptom is sudden onset and very severe abdominal pain. The clinical picture is dominated by the appearance of acute abdomen. Accumulated fluid is detected in the abdominal ultrasound for definitive diagnosis.
• Exploded chocolate cyst is a condition that requires emergency surgery in Obstetrics and Gynecology. For this reason, regular follow-up of small cysts at the frequency recommended by the physician is important. In this way, earlier measures can be taken to protect fertility.

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