Hormones are chemicals produced by the body that transmit instructions on how to direct various functions. Various specialized glands in the body receive electrical stimulation from the brain, producing these chemicals and releasing them into the bloodstream. Estrogen, one of these hormones, can be produced in three different forms in the body. You can follow the rest of the article for questions about estradiol, one of these estrogen forms.
What is Estradiol?
Estradiol is the estrogen form found in the highest amount in women of reproductive age. The term reproductive age covers the period from a person's first menstrual cycle to the last. During this time, estradiol is present in higher concentrations than the other two forms of estrogen when compared in terms of its levels in the bloodstream. Another advantage of estradiol over other forms of estrogen is that it is the most effective form of estrogen.
Estradiol is a hormone synthesized mainly from the ovaries. How much this hormone is synthesized varies depending on which part of the menstrual cycle the person is in.
What is Estradiol Hormone, How is it produced and what are its effects?
Hormones are chemical messengers of the body. Estrogen, one of these chemicals that control the functions of cells and organs, is produced in the ovaries using cholesterol. In the presence of estrogen hormone, signs of puberty begin to appear and the development of various changes in the body of female individuals is triggered. This hormone is also responsible for the regular occurrence of the menstrual cycle. Supporting mental and bone health, controlling cholesterol level and showing protective properties against heart diseases are among the other features of the hormone estrogen. Three types of estrogen hormones are produced in the body. Estrone(E1), estriol(E3) and estradiol(E2) hormones are named as estradiol, which is the form of estrogen that is active in the period from puberty (adolescence) to menopause. Estradiol, which is also the most powerful hormone among them, provides control of the menstrual cycle.
How much should estradiol be?
The estradiol test is applied to answer the question of how much estradiol should be. Same temperature in the estradiol test The level of the mli hormone in the blood circulation is examined. In this test, which is also called the E2 test, the amount of this hormone, which is a form of estrogen and secreted by the mammary and adrenal glands, especially the ovaries, can be determined. As in female individuals, male individuals also have a certain amount of estradiol hormone. However, this level is quite low compared to the value in women.
Examination of estradiol level may be necessary in cases such as pregnancy and infertility treatment. For females of reproductive age, the range of 15-350 picograms per milliliter constitutes the normal range of values for this hormone. In individuals in the menopausal stage, the level of this hormone is expected to be lower than 10 picograms per milliliter of blood as a result of the estradiol test. Different Estradiol values can be measured in the same person during the menstrual cycle and this is a normal finding.
How Much Estradiol Should Be in IVF Treatment?
In vitro fertilization, which is defined as in vitro fertilization, is the fulfillment of the individual's child request. It is an assisted reproductive technique. During the application of this technique, egg cells are collected from the ovaries by expert health personnel. Afterwards, fertilization (fertilization) of the egg cells with the sperm, which is the male reproductive cell, is provided. After this procedure, the fertilized egg cell is placed in the womb of the expectant mother after 5-6 days. It is a known fact that estrogen levels change according to which phase of the menstrual cycle one is in. At the same time, due to various treatments applied during IVF treatment, problems such as a decrease in the level of estrogen hormone and insufficiency in the development of the uterine tissue to which the embryo will be transferred may be encountered. For this reason, various studies suggest that before the IVF treatment, the estradiol level of the mother-to-be is examined and the intrauterine tissues are ready for this process, to prepare the tissue for the uterus with hormone support, and to transfer after the hormone reaches the desired level.
Steroid The hormone estradiol (E2), which has a (fat) structure, is produced by the granulosa cells in the egg follicle that continues its development and is released into the bloodstream. To detect the level of this hormone It is usually used in ovarian reserve tests. The level of estradiol hormone varies according to which stage of the individual's reproductive age. Although it is a simple, inexpensive and effective screening method, estradiol alone does not provide sufficient data on the outcome of IVF treatment. However, as a result of various studies, it is known that the susceptibility to negative results increases in both very high and very low estradiol hormone values. It is normal to have a low level of estrogen hormone in situations such as entering. However, a decrease in estrogen level is a condition that can occur at any stage of life. Conditions considered to be associated with low estradiol levels can be summarized as follows:
- Menopause period
- Turner syndrome, which is a genetic disorder transmitted by the X chromosome
- Ovarian failure or premature menopause before the age of 40, the ovaries lose their function
- Situations such as the body's lack of sufficient fat supply, which interrupts the synthesis of estrogen
- Problems originating from the pituitary gland such as hypopituitarism
- From the ovaries Hypogonadism, which expresses the lack of adequate hormone production
- Pain during sexual intercourse due to decreased vaginal secretions
- Increased susceptibility to urinary tract infections due to urethral thinning
- Irregular menstruation
- Absence of menstruation
- Hot flashes
- Emotional fluctuations
- Breast tenderness
- Smapping breasts
- Headaches
- Depression
- Difficulty concentrating
- Weakness
High Estradiol What Causes It?
Although the increase in estrogen level can occur naturally, it can sometimes occur due to the use of various drugs. For example, various drugs administered within the scope of hormone replacement therapy to control menopausal complaints can trigger estrogen levels to reach levels that can cause problems. Along with the high estrogen level, changes in various other hormone levels may occur and the hormonal imbalance may deepen. The fact that the estrogen hormone levels are quite high compared to the progesterone hormone level may be a sign of the development of the situation expressed as estrogen dominance. Some of these conditions are as follows:
- Early puberty
- Presence of tumors in the ovaries or testicles
- Development of feminine breast tissue in men, called gynecomastia
- Hyperthyroidism
- Cirrhosis
- Bloating
- Edema and tenderness in the breasts
- Development of fibrocystic lump in the breast tissue and increased risk of breast cancer in the long term
- Change in sexual desire
- Irregular menstruation, intermittent bleeding and increase in the amount of menstruation
- Increased premenstrual syndrome complaints
- Mood swings
- Headache
- Anxiety
- Panic attack
- Involuntary weight gain
- Hair loss
- Chill in the hands and feet
- Problems with sleep patterns
- Weakness
- Memory Problems Estradiol hormone is the highest rate and most effective form of estrogen.
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