What is adenoid?
Nasal region (nasopharynx) is the part of the upper respiratory tract after the nose, just below the nose. is the area behind it. This area is constantly in contact with microorganisms encountered through the air during breathing. Just under the mucosa in the nasal cavity, there are immune system (lymphoid) tissues that fight against microorganisms. These lymphoid formations grow as a result of passive smoking, that is, the parents smoking in the presence of the child, allergies, and especially repeated exposure to microorganisms, that is, infections. This condition is called adenoid enlargement (adenoid hypertrophy, adenoid vegetation). Adenoid reaches its maximum size around the age of 4-7 and generally begins to shrink after this age. Children who attend nursery or kindergarten are more likely to experience problems secondary to adenoids, as they encounter infections more frequently.
How does adenoid cause problems?
Adenoids It may cause problems for different reasons. First, when it is too large, it makes mechanical breathing from the nose to the trachea difficult. This situation can lead to various consequences, from simple snoring or sleeping with the mouth open to obstructive sleep apnea (sleep apnea) and associated metabolic problems. Secondly; Unlike its occlusive properties, the adenoid can be invaded by microorganisms due to recurrent infections. In this case, the adenoid ceases to be a protective immune tissue and acts as a reservoir for microorganisms, preparing the environment for their growth. This situation causes recurrent infections since the area where the adenoid is located is a crossroads for the upper respiratory and digestive system organs. As a result of prolonged airway obstruction, children have a long and thin facial structure, a high palate, a forward growth of the upper jaw, and a constantly open mouth. condition, bad teeth and
After the two main reasons listed above, children; obstructive sleep apnea, upper airway resistance syndrome, snoring, nasal congestion and related mouth breathing , attention deficit and resulting decrease in academic success, restlessness and irritability, night urination in one's pants, swallowing and speech disorder, decrease in taste and smell, fluid accumulation in the middle ear, decrease in hearing< Problems such as /strong>, abnormal facial and tooth development, growth and development retardation, pulmonary hypertension, recurrent middle ear infection, sinusitis, tonsillitis, lung inflammation are encountered. p>
How is the diagnosis of adenoids made?
The diagnosis is easily made with an endoscopic examination performed through the nose under outpatient clinic conditions. No special preparation is required for this procedure. It is not a painful or painful procedure. In previous years, attempts were made to make a diagnosis by radiological imaging (taking a film) or by finger examination. Thanks to examination with an endoscope, the quality of the tissue is also observed and its differential diagnosis can be made from tumors, infections, cysts and similar lesions.
When / at what age should adenoid surgery be performed?
Surgery can be performed at any age when the adenoid is determined to be large enough to obstruct the airway, that is, when the correct indication is given. In the past, age after 3 years of age was used as a criterion because complications of anesthesia were more feared. Today, safer surgery can be performed on younger children with more modern anesthetic agents.
What are the risks of the surgery and the problems that may occur during and after the surgery?
Although modern Although anesthetic drugs and equipment provide safe anesthesia, they may cause complications secondary to anesthesia. The risk of death due to premature death is reported to be 1 in two hundred thousand in healthy individuals. Since the area studied is close to the mouth of the Eustachian tube, which connects the middle ear cavity to the nasal cavity, it is possible that this tube will be damaged. In this case, permanent middle ear problems may occur. After the surgery, although rare, bleeding and adhesions may occur in the nasal cavity.
What awaits the patient after the surgery?
Adenoid surgery is often performed together with tonsil surgery. It is the most frequently performed surgical procedure in childhood all over the world. The surgery itself takes about 15 minutes. The average time in the operating room, including sleeping and waking up, is about 60 minutes. After approximately 5-6 hours after awakening from anesthesia, patients can usually be discharged. Patients can usually eat many things on the same day, as long as they are not too hot or solid. Individuals feel pain in their throat rather than their nasal cavity for 2-3 days due to the endotracheal intubation tube used to administer anesthesia rather than the surgical wound. It would be appropriate for children not to go to school for 5-7 days due to an open wound.
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