Rectal bleeding (anal bleeding), which is seen almost equally in men and women in our country, is the most important harbinger of some diseases. This symptom, which many of us cannot express because of shame and fear, may lead to the progression of a dangerous disease such as "Cancer" if it is not taken seriously. Istanbul Training and Research Hospital General Surgery Specialist Op.Dr.A.Kerim Özakay answered our questions about rectal bleeding and gave information.
What is rectal bleeding (anal bleeding)?
With defecation Bright red blood coming from the anus is called hematochezia or rectal bleeding in medical language.
Where Does the Blood Come from in Rectal Bleeding?
Rectal bleeding mainly originates from the rectum and anus, which form the last parts of the large intestine. The last 15 cm of the large intestine is the rectum, and the anus is the last 1.5-2 cm that opens to the outside. The color of the blood in rectal bleeding usually varies depending on where the bleeding occurs.
Causes of rectal bleeding?
Red-colored bleeding is most likely caused by diseases of the lower parts of the large intestine or the anal area. Dripping and red colored bleeding that is not contaminated with the stool is generally related to anal diseases that we call hemorrhoids and fissures. Dark red and black bleeding that is not contaminated with the stool may originate from the upper parts of the large intestine, small intestine, and upper digestive system, and this is called melena. The blood lasts for a long time. When it comes into contact with intestinal bacteria, it is digested by the bacteria and its color darkens and turns black. Rarely, if excessive bleeding occurs from the stomach-duodenum, small intestine or the initial part of the large intestine, it may come out as fresh red blood before it can be broken down by bacteria, as it will quickly descend. Polyp, diverticulum, ulcer, The first symptom of diseases such as angiodysplasia, colitis and cancer may be rectal bleeding.
There is very little bleeding from any part of the digestive system and the bleeding may not be visible to the naked eye. For example, sometimes there is very little bleeding in colon polyps or cancers and this cannot be seen with the naked eye because it mixes with the stool, but it can be detected by tests that detect occult blood in the stool. Since such hidden bleeding causes gradual but continuous blood loss, it can lead to the formation of anemia, which we call anemia.
In what cases does bleeding pose a serious threat?
Every rectal bleeding complaint is caused by this condition. Patients with bleeding should be examined by a General Surgery Specialist even if the diseases that explain the bleeding, such as hemorrhoids, fissures, are known. .
The severity of bleeding, that is, the amount of blood coming out, can vary greatly. Mostly, small amounts of bleeding occur that stop spontaneously. Many patients report experiencing a few drops of fresh blood or smearing a small amount of blood on toilet paper. Sometimes bleeding that is a little heavier but stops on its own is described. In this type of mild bleeding, there is no need for urgent diagnosis and treatment or rushing to the hospital; diagnosis and treatment are provided after examination and simple tests.
Rectal bleeding may also be more severe. In moderate bleeding, larger amounts of fresh or clotted blood may occur repeatedly, and this blood may come with the stool or spontaneously. In severe bleeding, the patient may lose a lot of blood. In moderate or severe rectal bleeding, weakness, dizziness, palpitations, feeling of fainting or actual fainting may occur due to excessive blood loss; The patient may experience low blood pressure. Rarely, severe bleeding may occur that puts the patient in shock. Moderate or severe bleeding should be monitored and treated by hospitalization. In cases of bleeding severe enough to cause shock, immediate hospitalization and blood transfusions are necessary.
In which gender (female/male) and age group is it generally seen more frequently?
The incidence of rectal bleeding in men and women is similar. It is certain. However, both genders do not consult a doctor after bleeding due to their feelings of shame or because they do not care. This may lead to the progression of a very serious disease (like cancer...).
What consequences will it cause if bleeding is ignored?
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Every rectal bleeding should be investigated and should be given more importance, especially in patients over the age of 50. A rectal bleeding that you may think of as a minor thing may be a sign and the only symptom of a very serious disease.
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