Spine deformities cause not only musculoskeletal system disorders, but also disorders in many other organs and systems, mostly in people with chronic diseases. Scoliosis and other spinal deformities are not uncommon. Idiopathic scoliosis is seen in 2% of the population. While age-related degenerative scoliosis is seen in 6%, if the person also has osteoporosis, that is, osteoporosis, it is seen in 36%. Physical therapy specialists cannot stay away from scoliosis by splitting their subspecialties. Spinal deformities are seen at all ages.
What is the Anatomy of the Spine?
The vertebral column is both stable and mobile. The balance between stability and mobility is achieved thanks to 7 neck, 12 back, 5 waist, adjacent sacral vertebrae and a dysfunctional coccyx.
Each spine has a certain flexibility of movement. Movement at different levels of the spine is limited in some planes. In fact, the function of the spine is related to the shape of the vertebral bones. The cervical vertebrae have the greatest freedom of movement, which includes bending forward, bending back, turning sideways and bending sideways. In this way, it provides a wider functional area for the eyes and ears. Due to their attachment to the ribcage, smaller discs and overlapping posterior protrusions, the dorsal vertebrae have limited forward bending, backward bending and limited rotation, but freer lateral bending movement. Due to the lumbar vertebrae, large discs and sagittally oriented facet joints, forward bending, back bending and side bending movements are very good, but rotation movements are limited. If the spine is placed on a foundation consisting only of bone and elastic tissue, it can maintain its static balance in an upright position. If the purpose of spinal flexibility is to give people the freedom to move on two legs, then the spine must have a complex dynamic control system. This balance is provided by the neuromuscular system, which is stimulated through the muscles of the spine. Paraspinal muscles, located right next to the spine, are a muscle layer that extends from the base of the skull to the coccyx. They can be divided into subgroups according to the direction and length of muscle fibers. This muscle group is primarily responsible for the extensor, that is, allowing the spine to bend backwards, and they resist gravity while sitting and standing.
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