20. Freud, who questioned people's sense of conscience in the middle of the century, especially during the First World War, examines our behavior on the axis of developmental theory and divides consciousness into 3
spiritual categories.
- Id
- Ego
- Superego
According to Freud, our situation and behavior in society are shaped according to these 3 mental states.
Decision making and Arguing that our judgment abilities are formed depending on the development of these 3 psychological stages
Freud says that these 3 abstract concepts are shaped by our instincts and the information we acquire from society
and later learn.
Id. , in the simplest terms, is the primitive self. It is the part of us that is shaped according to needs and cannot be stopped.
It includes our instincts. It conflicts with logic and reality, complete irregularity
dominates. It is based solely on the pleasure principle. Sexuality, hunger and aggression are also examples. Freud
defines it as the spoiled child within us. The id just wants what it wants, without questioning whether it makes sense or not, or without thinking about its feasibility.
The id always gravitates towards pleasure. If the id's needs cannot be met or are postponed, we become stressed, and when they are met, we are satisfied. When you review the tasks you avoid doing, you may realize that all of them are actually tasks that do not give you pleasure.
On the other hand, we act with great enthusiasm and desire to do something that we want very much
. These behaviors of ours are completely in line with our ideals.
Ego can be defined as the middle stage of consciousness. It tries to establish a balance between the id's desires and the environment. While the id works with the pleasure principle, the ego works with the reality principle. It tries to build the bridge between the Superego and the Id
and find a logical solution.
While the Ego does this, it sometimes uses "Repression", "Rationalization", "Reflection", "Sublimation"
It applies some defense mechanisms such as. (We will talk about these defense mechanisms next month
.)
Superego is the last piece in this system. It is shaped according to moral and social norms. It is the internal representative of the rules given by the family during childhood. your most ideal It tries to implement i and the most perfect
. It determines the appropriateness of behavior by evaluating it with the moral values of the society.
It is very strict in suppressing desires. He argues that even dying of hunger when necessary is better than being a shame for society. It aims to shape the ego according to social and moral values rather than real goals. It's late and you're very hungry. The id says to you “give me food!” he says in his rudest form.
The superego says, "You are not alone here, you came with your friends, you have to eat with everyone, otherwise it would be very shameful." he says. The ego tries to find a logical solution after listening to both sides. He says, "You are very hungry, if you wait another hour it will not be good for you. Go out secretly, eat something small to suppress your hunger and come back without letting anyone know." /p>
Individuals whose superego is very developed and suppresses the ego will act very closely to the rules, morality
concepts and norms they have learned, so they evaluate everything as "shameful"
and It creates an introvert character. He hesitates to express his wishes,
cannot take initiative, withdraws himself in bilateral relations "in order not to disturb the other party"
and cannot establish strong relationships.
When evaluating most of the things he does He gets angry at himself, experiences anxiety and stress. He has a constant feeling of guilt
.
For example, while he wants to show his interest in the opposite sex, he also distances himself with the thought that it will disturb him
and that it will be shameful. Can't start a relationship. Or, to give a simpler example, he/she is worried about calling out to the waiter in a cafe where he/she is sitting. If he/p>
calls out to the waiter, he thinks that the people at the next table will be disturbed, so he takes his order until the waiter
comes to his table. postpones, suppresses and waits hungry.
In cases where the superego is not developed or is underdeveloped, the person acts very selfishly,
does not respect the feelings and thoughts of those around him, and prioritizes the needs of his primitive self
It brings it to the plan. If he wants to eat, he eats, he does not care about the environment. He doesn't care if someone is hungry next to him
. Or, if he/she wants to listen to loud music at that time, he does not care that the people around him will be disturbed by this, he listens to his music as he wishes.
For a healthy development, this balance must be maintained. Since the foundations of superego development
are laid in the family, it is of great importance for families to accurately convey to their children which rules should be and how strict they should be, as this will shape the children's character in their future lives
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