Obesity is a health problem defined as abnormal and excessive fat accumulation in the organism. There are many reasons arising from genetic, cultural, socioeconomic, physiological, psychological and lifestyle (diet and lack of physical activity).
Surgical interventions performed for treatment purposes on people of a certain weight and with various diseases are called "Bariatric Surgery" or "Bariatric Surgery". It is called Obesity Surgery. With bariatric surgeries, which have an important place in the treatment of obesity, patients can return to their normal weight and the incidence of obesity-related diseases decreases in these people.
Who can undergo surgery?
Body Mass Index (BMI), which is a simple measurement of the relationship between weight and height, is used to determine what people's healthy weight is. BMI is an index commonly used by doctors and other healthcare professionals to determine the prevalence of underweight, overweight, and obesity in adults. It is defined as the square of height in meters divided by body weight in kilograms (kg/m²).
A BMI of over 35 kg/m2 or a BMI of over 40 kg/m2 without comorbidities is morbid. It is defined as obesity. Morbid obesity reduces the quality of life of patients. Many medical and surgical methods are used in treatment.
The first step in obesity treatment should always be lifestyle treatments (diet, exercise, behavior change). Although surgery is generally applied to individuals who fail to lose weight with traditional methods, bariatric surgery has proven to be more successful in achieving long-term weight loss with decreases in comorbidity and disease risk factors. Studies have shown that; It was concluded that bariatric surgery should be performed in suitable patients with a BMI value of 30-35 kg/m2, who could not show significant and continuous improvement in weight and comorbidities with non-surgical methods.
Obesity is treated surgically. Which surgeries are performed in its treatment?
Nowadays, obesity surgeries are performed with a closed method, thus shortening the patient's recovery period. The most common surgeries and procedures currently performed are:
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Stomach Botulinusmus A Toxin Application (Stomach botox)
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Gastric Band
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Balloon to the stomach
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Roux en-gastric bypass
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Sleeve gastric surgery
How should nutrition be after bariatric surgery?
Providing sufficient energy and nutrients to support post-operative tissue healing and the preservation of lean muscle mass during excessive weight loss. After bariatric surgery, patients have to use four-stage diets.
Stage 1: Clear liquid diet
Clear liquid diet is the first step of post-operative nutrition in the first days. is given. Diet supplement drinks should be added to ensure balanced nutrition. It is very important to take liquids in small amounts (30 ml/15 minutes) throughout the day. Clear liquid diets provide some of the fluid, electrolytes and energy and restoration of intestinal activity after surgery
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Buttermilk,
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Fat-free and lactose-free milk
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Water
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Homemade fruit juices without pulp can be drunk.
Phase 2: Full liquid diet
Sugar-free and low-sugar full liquid diets follow the clear liquid diet phase. A period of time follows the clear liquid diet. This diet is done.
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Milk, dairy products, milk alternatives
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Vegetable juices,
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Artificially sweetened yoghurt,
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Strained soups,
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Boiled, whisked and strained cereals
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Sugar-free puddings can be consumed.
Stage 3: Puréed diet
p>After liquid diets in the postoperative period, the patient is given pureed soft foods for two weeks. At this stage, patients can consume blended/puréed solid foods. Soft foods are easily tolerated. It is recommended to soften solid foods.
In order to prevent post-operative complications and achieve successful weight loss, appropriate correction of eating habits is needed. patients get over They should avoid overeating and pay attention to recommended portion volumes. Food should be chewed thoroughly and finished very slowly. Liquids should not be taken with solid foods. They should drink water/liquid between meals, not with meals. Fluids should be taken at regular intervals, 100-200 ml each time. Daily puree food intake should be kept at 500 grams. Food should always be eaten little by little and slowly.
Stage 4: Solid food diet
In this phase, solid foods appropriate to the patient's diet are added. Foods (well-cooked meat and meat products, etc.) should be added and the diet program organized by the nutrition and diet specialist should be continued. The amount of food at meals should not exceed half a glass of water and liquids should be consumed sparingly. Water and liquids should not be taken with meals, otherwise they may cause nausea and vomiting.
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