Personality is not only the characteristics that are inherited, but also all the characteristics that the environment gives to the person. An individual's first environment is his family, therefore personality development first begins in the family. The child learns behavioral patterns by experiencing them here. The child acquires right and wrong, sin and good deeds, love, respect and other social values here. The family meets the child's psychological, sociological and physiological needs. Here he sees the things he needs throughout his life, such as independence, belonging, responsibility and sharing. ("The healthy foundations of the personality are laid in this environment. A child who grows up with love learns to trust and approach other people with love. The basic sense of trust develops, matures and continues throughout life in such an environment. The interaction of the individuals within the family determines the child's position within the family. The child is a social "As an individual, he looks for a model for himself and finds it in his family. The first models are his parents. Family is the most important step in the child's personality development." (Kırkıncıoğlu, 2003) Imitating parents begins in this period. As he transitions from infancy to childhood, he begins to learn new skills and control his behavior. Faulty guidance from the family during this period may negatively affect the child's development. Parents may sometimes think that giving the child a lot will develop him/her more, but on the contrary, this hinders the child's development. Sometimes, they cause inappropriate behavior by giving less than necessary. The most important factor in the development of an individual's personality is his family. While the communication between parent and child affects the child's behavior, it also shapes future behavior. According to Yeşilyaprak (1989), the effect of parental attitudes on personality becomes clear through the rewards and punishments applied to the child. The relationship in the family basically depends on the parents' attitudes towards each other and the child.
1.Mother-child relationship
The child's relationship with the mother begins in the womb. When the baby kicks and the mother puts her hand on her belly, the baby calms down, which shows how important physical contact is in the mother-child relationship. The child recognizes the mother's smell and temperature; this is actually the way the baby, who cannot speak, communicates with the mother. According to Günalp (2007), lack of communication or additional Having a disorder may cause the child to show behavioral disorders in later ages. Children who cannot spend enough time with their mothers during this period may have mental and social developmental delays or retardation. The mother's understanding that the baby is hungry or hungry when it cries and meeting its needs when necessary creates a sense of trust in the baby.
2.Father-child relationship
Nowadays, mothers are working hard. The role and effectiveness of the father has increased with his greater participation in his life. This situation has brought to the agenda the question of what differences there may be in terms of father-child and mother-child interaction. The roles of mothers and fathers in child development are complementary to each other. Parents influence different aspects of personality. In early childhood, a girl admires her father and a boy admires his mother, but a boy wants to be like his father and a girl wants to be like her mother. Since parents are role models, a boy may want to shave like his father, while a girl may want to cook like her mother. In that period, the father was symbolized with power, there was the idea that "my father is the strongest, my father can beat anyone". The child's identification with a father who is an example of strength at that time creates a sense of confidence in the child. According to Günalp (2007), father deprivation negatively affects the child's psycho-sexual development period. When boys with and without fathers were compared, it was observed that fatherless children had poor peer relationships, lower school success, and less masculine behavior. Parental attitude is important in every development of the child. Although personality development continues throughout life, the foundation of personality is laid in childhood. The interaction of parents and other family members with the child affects the child's personality and behavior. Parents' attitudes towards the child are discussed under four headings: "democratic, authoritarian, overprotective and indifferent".
Democratic parental attitude: It is the most ideal among parental attitudes. , the important thing here is love and discipline. Such parents support their children but try to control them by putting them on limits. They care about their children, listen to them and make sure no decisions are made. If so, they also consult their ideas. The boundaries of the house are clearly stated and the child is given the opportunity to express his feelings. The family also has clear boundaries, and the child is given love and support. Children of families with this type of attitude are individuals who love and respect their families and are also independent from their families. The child expresses his/her own feelings and thoughts and expects to be respected. The family only guides the child and does not interfere with the child's implementation of his or her own ideas. Individuals who grow up with this attitude are independent, resourceful and self-sufficient, self-sacrificing, friendly and respectful.
Authoritarian parental attitude: Love and compassion are lacking in parents who show this attitude. , there is also pressure on education. When a child commits a crime, he is punished with violence. There is a relationship based on fear, the child is not given the right to speak. Children experiencing this situation may appear docile to their parents and harbor hatred and anger within them. They do not reflect their anger towards their parents in case they are subjected to violence, but direct it towards themselves. Children who grow up with this type of attitude become anxious individuals who are prone to crime, insecure and unreliable, and who do not show love to themselves and their surroundings.
Overprotective parental attitude:They love their children very much and have very little discipline. The child does whatever he wants instantly, there is no limitation or control, so families cannot exercise authority over these children. Families with this type of attitude show their children the attitude of "Oh my child, you can't do it, don't get tired, I can do it", so the children cannot do it themselves and do not know what to do or not to do. They become family-dependent and rule-abiding individuals. Since their families do not allow them to become individualized, they may perceive the problems in the outside world exaggeratedly.
Indifferent parental attitude: It is a parental attitude in which the child's existence or absence is not obvious and love and attention are low. The relationships established with the child are only superficial, parental discipline is weak, but this lack of discipline stems from the fact that the parents do not care about the child. The child may exhibit different behaviors to attract the attention and attention of the parents. He may pretend to be sick and think that his family will always take care of him. When the child wants attention, families are harsh, unloving and The child may become an introverted individual because he or she displays uninteresting attitudes and may have language development problems because he or she does not speak. When we look at it from the perspective of families, the marital life of families with this attitude may be going badly or they may be working in a busy work schedule. When we examine it from the child's perspective, children growing up in such families may experience behaviors such as seeking attention and love outside, running away from home, becoming addicted to substances, or being excessively attached to their friend groups. These children may become lonely, depressed and aggressive, and have no social relationships.
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