Our personality is a concept that covers our genetic structure, which dominates our behavior in general, what we learn from our family and social environment, and describes our perception, thinking and coping behaviors. It is a concept that emerges from the combination of many different factors in its definition, meaning that we all have a different personality by nature. While our personality can show characteristics that protect us and make us harmonious individuals with society, it can also show a structure that is destructive, incompatible and detrimental to the person in some cases. In such a case, we are talking about personality disorders, not personality traits. Before discussing personality disorders one by one, let's look at non-pathological personalities that show similar characteristics. Many perspectives and classifications have been made regarding personality traits. The most commonly used of these is the personality classification showing 'Type A' and 'Type B' characteristics.
TYPE A PERSONALITY
Individuals with these personality characteristics are successful, can do many things at the same time, and compete against time. They show characteristics such as being unable to give up control in their work and private life, constantly moving and talking fast, being impatient, being too busy or too busy to notice nice things, gesticulating frequently, being angry and having low tolerance. They are also competitive because they work hard and are success-oriented. It has been revealed in many studies that individuals with these personality traits are susceptible to heart diseases and general health problems.
TYPE B PERSONALITY
We generally see people who are defined as calm individuals in society in this group. They show more relaxed, less competitive, less destructive behavior. Of course, they experience stress, but they have less difficulty in reacting to stress and panic. They do their work slowly and systematically, they are generally happy with their situation, they do not want to stand out, they are patient and slow-blooded people. They often fulfill their responsibilities late and do not get angry in the face of delays.
We have many different personality traits, and while our personality can make us compatible with society, environment and profession, some personality-related disorders are, on the contrary, destructive, maladaptive and a big problem even for ourselves. make it into he says. In other words, our personality gets sick and 'Personality disorders' emerge. Fortunately, personality disorders are conditions that we encounter much less frequently than usual. Because their prevalence would not make social peace possible. Heredity, social position of the family, illnesses of family members, attitudes and behaviors of family members to each other, and exposure to physical, sexual and psychological violence play an important role in personality disorders. Now let's review the characteristics of personality disorders as included in the DSM IV classification of the American Psychiatric Association.
PARANOID PERSONALITY DISORDER
The main feature of the disorder is that they interpret the behavior of others as inappropriately malicious and are constantly insecure. The prevalence rate in society is estimated to be 0.5-2.5%. He thinks that others harm, exploit, or deceive him without providing sufficient evidence. He questions the trustworthiness of people close to him and makes an effort to reveal the truth of his suspicions. He does not tell secrets to others because he thinks that what he says will be used against him. Looks for hidden meanings in others' words and actions. When he interprets the behavior of those around him negatively and perceives these words and behaviors as an attack on his own dignity, he reacts hurtfully, angry and even aggressively. They doubt the fidelity of their lovers or spouses and make life difficult for them with their jealousy.
SCHIZOTYPAL PERSONALITY DISORDER
The main feature is mental or perceptual distortions and unusual behaviors that occur in different conditions. They are noted for their deterioration in social and interpersonal relationships and their strange appearance and way of thinking. Its incidence in the population is around 3%. There are strange, magical, oddities in their behavior and thoughts. They have beliefs such as sixth sense, telepathy, and clairvoyance. Although they are not delusional, they have beliefs that are resistant to change. Due to their suspiciousness, they feel uncomfortable in environments where they do not feel safe and around unfamiliar people. ordinary exterior Because of their perceptual experiences, they may dress strangely, talk to themselves, and behave inappropriately. Under intense stress, their assessment of reality may deteriorate and they may exhibit psychotic features. They may be very close or very distant in their relationships. They don't have many friends or social circles outside of their immediate family.
SCHIZOID PERSONALITY DISORDER
The basic characteristics of these people are; They have poor interpersonal and social relationships and avoid expressing their emotions in front of others. It often begins in young adulthood. Research on its incidence is insufficient because clinical applications are very few. And it is one of the personality structures that is most resistant to treatment. Constant indifference, limited emotional reactions and insensitivity that occur in different situations prevail. Similarly, they show indifference to others' praise, rapprochement efforts, and criticism. They do not like, enjoy or want close relationships, including with family members. They generally prefer to engage in activities alone, and have monotonous emotions in their own world. Even if they feel emotions such as anger, joy, fear, they do not show them. He either has no close friends or only one person. It is difficult for him to live his friendship with Onjun at the level of friendship.
ANTISOCIAL PERSONALITY DISORDER
Antisocial personality disorder, which is seen in 3% of men and 1% of women in society, is a disorder in which the main principle is the behavior of not recognizing the rights of others and violating the rights of others in an ongoing and destructive way. Definitions such as sociopath and psychopath are frequently used for this disorder. Although some behavioral disorders seen during adolescence seem to be compatible with antisocial characteristics, the person must be over 18 years of age to make this diagnosis. Anti Those with social personality disorder are known for their irresponsible and antisocial attitudes. Their behavior is impulsive, they may engage in repeated fighting, irritability, aggression, and repetitive illegal actions that may lead to criminal offences. They do not feel remorse for their aggressive behavior, which is their most important characteristic. They remain indifferent and indifferent to the harm they inflict on others, and try to come up with logical explanations for what they do. They have a high tendency to lie, use others for their own interests, and deceive. They have no goals or plans in life. They are people who do not respect the right to personality and life and have a potential tendency to commit crimes.
BORDERLINE PERSONALITY DISORDER
Borderline personality. People with the disorder are characterized by instability in their sense of identity and interpersonal relationships. They have difficulty controlling their impulses. Borderline personality disorder is seen in 2-3% of the population. It is 3 times more common in women than in men. They avoid losing, being rejected, and being abandoned. A constant feeling of emptiness prevails. They show either the lowest or the highest emotions in their relationships. They are inconsistent and tense. They show behaviors that are likely to cause self-harm. (Such as substance use, sexuality, dangerous driving, binge eating…) There are recurrent suicidal behaviors, attempts and threats. They have difficulty controlling their anger and anger inappropriately. Self-perceptions, closeness in friendships, and choices constantly change. They may exhibit temporary psychotic symptoms under intense stress.
HISTRIONIC PERSONALITY DISORDER
The most basic feature of histrionic personality disorder. They have a need to show extreme emotionality and attract attention in almost every field. They show and expect the constant need to be liked, praised and trusted, which begins in adulthood. They are uncomfortable in situations where they are not the center of attention. Their appearance and behavior are sexually seductive. They show a rapidly changing and superficial affect. Their emotions change very easily, they may start crying while laughing, or laughing while crying. Another They exhibit fake behavior to impress others. They are suggestible and are easily influenced by others in situations where they feel cared for. They are people who quickly become close to people and believe that close relationships should be established.
NARCISTIC PERSONALITY DISORDER
Narcissistic personality disorder develops in early adulthood. It is a disorder dominated by feelings of grandiosity that emerge in behaviors and fantasies characterized by the need to be admired and the inability to understand the feelings of others. These people show extreme sensitivity in putting themselves in someone else's shoes and understanding the people they interact with. Its incidence in the general population is 2-6%. They feel that they are very important and expect to be accepted as superior even if they do not achieve sufficient success. They respond to criticism with anger, humiliation and shame. They think about unlimited success, power, intelligence, beauty and perfection. They expect to receive constant attention, love and respect. Because they see themselves as entitled, they think that only superior people can understand them and that they can only get along with superior people. They are condescending and jealous. They can use others' weaknesses for their own benefit and put them in a difficult situation for what they think they deserve. Due to their own superiority, they can only take any treatment approach if they deem it appropriate.
AVOIDED PERSONALITY DISORDER
This personality disorder is characterized by inadequacy. It is characterized by social inhibition and withdrawal from one's social relationships in response to emotions and criticism or negativity. It is seen at a rate of 0.5-1% in the population. The reason why he stays away from social relationships is not reluctance, as in schizoids, but on the contrary, he wants such relationships but cannot dare to do so. They avoid interpersonal interaction for fear of being criticized, unwanted, or ostracized. They can be easily hurt by criticism or lack of acceptance. They have no friends other than immediate family, or
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