CYSTITIS
Cystitisis a bladder infection caused by various microbial agents. Sexual intercourse, urinary tract interventions, birth, neurological problems, the presence of stones or any foreign object in the bladder, low water consumption, and situations where the biological defense barriers of the bladder against infectious agents are inadequate cause the development of cystitis. During pregnancy, especially in the early period, significant bacterial output in the urine (bacteriuria) is detected. Women are at risk for urinary tract infections during and immediately after pregnancy, and any infection detected should be treated immediately.
Symptoms include:Frequent urination, urgent feeling of urination, burning during urination, burning at night. Urination, pain and discomfort in the lower abdomen are common complaints. Urinary incontinence and bloody urine may occur, and high fever is rare.
Diagnosis:The diagnosis is made by determining the presence of infection with a simple urinalysis and the type of microbe causing the infection with a urine culture.
Treatment:Antibiotic treatments are applied for the microbial agent identified as responsible. However, in pregnant patients, drugs that are appropriate and will not harm the fetus should be selected, taking into account the pregnancy. Increasing fluid consumption, paying attention to personal hygiene, especially the cleanliness of the genital area, solving stones and similar urinary tract problems, and treating cases such as vaginal discharge and infection are among the precautions to be taken. In addition to general precautions, it is recommended to perform urine analyzes during follow-ups during pregnancy.
Interstitial Cystitis
Chronic extreme pelvic pain and limitation of daily activities are constant findings.
It is a chronic inflammatory disease of the bladder of unknown etiology, characterized by frequent urination, urge, nocturia, pain with sexual intercourse and suprapubic pain.
Although the causes of the disease are not fully elucidated, infection, autoimmunity, allergy and stress are included in the etiology. The disease begins around the age of 40 on average. However, 25% of patients are under 30 years of age. The symptoms of the disease can sometimes be quite severe and negatively affect the quality of life of patients. It has been determined that the average time it takes for patients with interstitial cystitis to receive the correct diagnosis is between 2-5 years, and it has been reported that they are seen by an average of five different doctors during this period. Many patients live with this disease for 10-30 years without being diagnosed. Diagnosis of the disease depends entirely on the physician being alert and suspicious. Disease-specific images can be viewed with cystoscopy. Pentosan polysulfate, antihistamines and antidepressants are used in the treatment. Pentosanpolysulfate covers the missing GAGlayer.
Treatment can be performed with BOTOX injection made through special needles by entering the bladder through cystoscopy. There are minimally invasive and invasive surgical treatments.
Eosinophilic Cystitis
Although its cause is not known exactly, it is usually observed in people with an allergic history. Dysuria (burning in urine), urge (urination), hematuria (bleeding in urine) and suprapubic pain occur. Pathologically, eosinophilic infiltration involves the bladder wall. may be observed and resulting hydronephrosis may occur. The radiological appearance of a mass and wall thickening in the bladder may be confused with a bladder tumor. With cystoscopy, a disease-specific image can be observed and sometimes it can give a tumor-like appearance. In the treatment, antihistamines, anti-inflammatory drugs can be given and, if necessary, steroids can be started. In cases of bleeding and no medical response, TUR (transurethral resection) can be performed. Other pathologies such as asthma, allergic rhinitis and autoimmune diseases were detected in 70% of the patients.
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