Eating disorders are fatal and costly mental disorders that significantly devastate physical health and psychosocial functioning.
Disturbing attitudes towards weight, body shape and eating play an important role in the emergence and maintenance of eating disorders.
Eating disorders have been increasing for the last 50 years and changes have occurred in the food environment.
Healthcare professionals should routinely question the eating habits of the individual as a component of the general health assessment.
Eating The symptoms of the disorder can differ between men and women. Because eating disorders have not been adequately studied, there is great uncertainty about their pathophysiology, treatment, and management.
Eating disorders are serious psychiatric disorders characterized by abnormal eating or weight control behaviors.
Depending on weight, body shape and disturbed attitudes towards eating play an important role in the emergence and maintenance of eating disorders.
These concerns may differ according to gender. For example; Body image concerns in men may focus on muscularity, while in women these concerns may focus more on weight loss.
Obesity is not framed as an eating disorder per se. All eating disorders significantly impair physical health.
Anorexia nervosa; severe dietary restrictions or other weight loss behaviors (eg, vomiting, excessive physical activity) is a highly marked, serious mental disorder characterized by an intense fear of gaining weight or an uncomfortable body image, or both.
In addition, cognitive and emotional functioning is markedly impaired.
The medical complications of anorexia nervosa affect all organs and systems and are often caused by malnutrition, weight loss and gain behaviors.
Bulimia nervosa; can occur at normal or high weight (if the weight is below the threshold for bulimia nervosa, its subtype is anorexia nervosa). Bulimia nervosa is characterized by repetitive binge eating (i.e., eating excessive amounts without losing control) and compensatory behaviors to prevent weight gain.
The most common compensatory behavior is self-induced vomiting. however, inappropriate drug use, fasting or excessive exercise can also be used. These behaviors may be driven by negative self-evaluation of weight, body shape, or appearance.
Big eating disorder; irritating, repetitive binge eating with less compensatory behaviors than in bulimia nervosa characterized by seizures. Both bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder often accompany or lead to obesity.
Avoiding-restrictive food intake disorder; It is now recognized as a non-age-related disorder. Core symptoms occur with one or more of the following: These are food avoidance or food restriction. Consequently; weight loss or slowed growth, nutritional deficiencies, dependence on tube feeding or nutritional supplements for adequate intake, and psychosocial deterioration. Symptoms may occur when there is a general lack of interest in food and eating, sensory-based food selectivity, and fear of the negative consequences of eating related to odious experiences such as choking or vomiting.
Pica Syndrome; involves eating non-nutritive or non-food items for a month or longer. The main triggers are the taste of the substance, boredom, curiosity, or psychological tension.
Rumination disorder; is vomiting after a meal without nausea, involuntary retching or disgust.
Eating disorder can be caused by psychiatric comorbidities. The most common psychiatric comorbidities include mood and anxiety disorders, neurodevelopmental disorders, alcohol and substance use disorders, and personality disorders.
The prevalence of eating disorders is high in people with diabetes.
Bidirectional relationships have been observed between eating disorders and autoimmune disorders such as celiac and Crohn's disease.
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