We call pregnancy losses that occur before the 20th week of gestation "MISMISSION", but we call pregnancy losses that occur before the 10th week "EARLY MISMISSION" or "EARLY PREGNANCY LOSS".
Early pregnancy losses can also be divided into subgroups. ;
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Complete miscarriage: It is the situation in which a woman with a positive pregnancy test loses all pregnancy tissues along with vaginal bleeding and there is no tissue residue in the uterus at the time of diagnosis and the cervix closes. It can be best diagnosed with transvaginal ultrasound
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Incomplete miscarriage: It is the situation in which a woman with a positive pregnancy test loses some of the pregnancy tissue along with vaginal bleeding and the cervix is still open. In transvaginal ultrasound, the sac may or may not be visible, but irregular tissues are observed in the uterus. It is the condition where there is an opening in the mouth.
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Anembryonic pregnancy: These are the situations in which the gestational sac is visible, but the yolk sac and/or embryo, which should be seen in the gestational sac of the measured size, cannot be seen. In cases where the embryonic plate cannot develop and melts on its own. is observed.
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Delayed miscarriage: This situation, also known as missed abortion, is a situation where the previously detected embryo stops growing over time and/or heartbeats cannot be observed
Unfortunately, 15-20% of clinically diagnosed pregnancies are lost in the early stages. In fact, it is estimated that 60% of the pregnancies that occur are lost, but they are not recognized because they are lost without menstrual delay. Humans are relatively difficult to reproduce and fertilized eggs are lost. Only 30% result in a live pregnancy. Egg quality and chromosome structure play more important roles in early pregnancy losses than uterine factors. Even if a healthy and young woman experiences an early pregnancy loss, the chance of a live pregnancy in the next pregnancy is 70-80%, so once a miscarriage occurs, it is pointless to pursue any research or miscarriage preventive treatments.
The most common pregnancy loss is. The reason for this is the age of the mother. While the risk of miscarriage is 9% in a 22-year-old mother, this risk increases to 84% in a 48-year-old woman. Smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, excessive coffee consumption, having a treatment pregnancy, previous miscarriage or stillbirth, and health problems such as diabetes in the mother are also situations that increase the risks.
If 100% reliability is desired in the diagnosis of early pregnancy losses, transvaginal ultrasound should be preferred. Especially in cases where ectopic pregnancy cannot be excluded, betaHcg follow-ups are diagnostically helpful.
In miscarriages, the patient may be diagnosed with groin pain, vaginal bleeding, and cervical dilatation findings, or miscarriage can be diagnosed without any findings.
Although miscarriage is not a preventable process, reducing alcohol, coffee and cigarette consumption and losing weight among overweight people can play a preventive role in miscarriage.
The role of progesterone drugs in preventing miscarriage is still very controversial. Although it does not have a definite preventive role, it is recommended to be given especially to patients with a history of miscarriage.
No effect of multivitamins in preventing miscarriage has been determined.
After the diagnosis of miscarriage is made, the natural course of the process is followed by treatment or without treatment. It can be in the form of follow-up, or it can be aborted with medication or treated surgically with curettage. In choosing the treatment, the physician and the patient should decide together. The patient's expectations, the patient's health condition, the age of the pregnancy and the type of miscarriage should be effective factors in making these decisions.
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