1: Classical In Vitro Fertilization Method (In Vitro Fertilization = IVF)
It is generally preferred for couples who are young, have a high number of eggs and have good sperm characteristics. The follicle fluid, sent to the embryo laboratory in sterile tubes, is transferred to a special medium by embryologists in a special cabin, and the eggs examined under a microscope are transferred to a special medium. The eggs and sperm obtained from the sick couple are placed together in special containers prepared for this process (approximately 50 thousand to 100 thousand motile sperm are placed for each egg) and kept for 16-18 hours, allowing the sperm to fertilize the egg on its own. After this procedure, fertilization is checked.
2: Microinjection (Intra Cytoplasmic Sperm Injection = ICSI)
Sperm number and motility are low, shape is low. In cases of sperm retrieval by surgical method (TESA, TESE) where the disorder is severe. Microinjection is preferred in cases where the number of eggs taken from the woman is insufficient, their quality is low, the egg membrane is thick, unexplained infertility cases and couples who have previously failed with the IVF method. After the sorting process, the eggs collected from the patient are cleared of the residues of the surrounding cells (cumulus cells), and the mature eggs are selected for the process. The fertilization process takes place 2-6 hours after the eggs are taken from the patient.
Embryologists inject the sperm into the egg with a needle, under a microscope, using a special device called a micromanipulator. After waiting for 16-18 hours in the incubator (a special cabinet that provides an environment similar to the mother's womb), fertilization is checked.
Today, ICSI, that is, microinjection, is preferred instead of IVF as in vitro fertilization treatment. . The reason for this is that the fertilization rate increases in the microinjection process. Since a single sperm cell is sufficient for the normal fertilization of an egg, microinjection method allows even men with low sperm count to have children.
OPU; Egg Collection Process; It is the process of emptying the fluid-filled structures called follicles that contain eggs.
It is the last stage of the egg development process. 36 hours after the cracking needle is injected into the patient, the patient is called two hours before the procedure to be performed, a sperm sample is taken from his partner and preliminary information is given about the procedure. Since egg collection will be performed, the patient should not eat or drink anything after 24:00 at night. This procedure takes 15-20 minutes under general anesthesia in the operating room.
The patient is taken to the operating room, laid on the gynecological table, and the ovaries are accessed using a special needle adapted to the transvaginal ultrasonography probe. By entering each follicle, the follicle fluid is drained into the tubes with the help of an aspirator. The emptied follicles are examined by embryologists to determine whether there are eggs in them. If no eggs are obtained, the follicle cavity is washed with a special liquid and any eggs that may be left inside are removed. The process continues in this way until all follicles are aspirated. The egg collection process is terminated after all eggs larger than 10 mm are collected.
The obtained eggs are separated from the incoming liquid, collected in another container containing culture liquid, their number is determined and placed in special cabinets that provide an environment similar to the mother's womb until the fertilization process. is stored. The number of eggs collected may differ from the number determined by ultrasound during follow-up. What matters at this stage is how many eggs we have. After the procedure, the patient is woken up and taken to his room to rest.
If all the checks are normal and the patient feels well after the rest, the medication recipes to be used are explained, information is given about the collected eggs and the patient is discharged. After this procedure, there may be slight pain and bleeding in the form of leaks or drops that may continue for a few days.
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