What is Hemorrhoids?
It is a disease that occurs in the anal region, located at the exit of the large intestine, which is the last link of the digestive system. It is also known as mayasil or hemorrhoids among the public. It occurs when the veins in the anus area swell due to various factors and form a breast shape. It is said that it mostly occurs as a result of increased anal pressure.
This disease seen in the anus; It can happen to people of all ages and genders. Recently, it is possible to encounter nearly half of the patients aged 50 and over.
What Causes Hemorrhoids?
Hemorrhoids, which have more than one cause, suffer from many people today. It is one of the leading anal diseases that negatively affects the comfort of daily life. Hemorrhoid formation usually occurs during defecation and often occurs due to straining. There are some symptoms that hemorrhoids cause to the person. The most important of these symptoms is the constipation problem that occurs when the digestive system does not work properly.
Although the exact cause of hemorrhoid disease cannot be determined, the main known causes can be listed as follows;
Changes in bowel habits (chronic constipation and diarrhea)
Insufficient amount of water consumption
Sedentary life
Pregnancy and birth
Some sports activities (horse riding, cycling driving, weightlifting, lifting weights, etc.)
Professional groups that work sitting for long periods of time (driving, piloting, banking, etc.)
Excessive alcohol and cigarette consumption
Pelvic Tumors located in the area, ascites formation in the abdomen
Familial predisposition due to food habits
Hemorrhoid Types
They are divided into two as internal hemorrhoids and external hemorrhoids according to their location.
Internal Hemorrhoids
They are named according to the type located in the anus. It is included in the medical literature as Internal Hemorrhoids. It is the most common and most distressing type of hemorrhoid. Internal hemorrhoids occur in the inner part of the rectum and reveal the four-stage process. Determining the stage of the disease is one of the most important factors in determining the treatment method.
1st Degree Hemorrhoids:
Hemorrhoid cushions in the anal area are formed according to their swelling. At this stage, hemorrhoids do not show many complaints and symptoms by the patient. Accordingly, it is difficult to detect by the physician. It has no obvious findings and can only be seen with rectoscopy.
2nd Degree Hemorrhoids:
Hemorrhoids cause discomfort to the person as the swellings formed by the cushions are slightly larger. At this stage, the hemorrhoid nozzle is located outside the anus due to straining when the patient goes to the toilet, and it goes inside by itself after defecation. Hemorrhoid nozzles (pake) may show symptoms such as bleeding, itching and sometimes pain.
3rd Degree Hemorrhoids:
The swellings formed by the cushions rub with the feces and hang out only when they are removed. It is pushed in by manual intervention. At this stage, when internal hemorrhoids come out, it takes a long time for them to go in on their own. Complaints such as bleeding, itching and wetness may be observed.
4th Degree Hemorrhoids:
At this stage, the hemorrhoid nozzles do not fit into the anus canal and constantly protrude from the anus. At this stage when the hemorrhoid nozzles are completely outside, there is no It cannot be pushed in with a hand. It is the most problematic phase and is manifested by bleeding, itching, feeling of fullness and severe pain. Again, in this stage, the person has difficulty in walking and sitting, and there is a limitation in daily movements.
External Hemorrhoid
Hemorrhoids that occur outside the anus are called pakelere, and in medical terms they are called hemorrhoids. It is also called External Hemorrhoid. It occurs at the exit of the anus, which is the most sensitive point of the anus. In this type of hemorrhoids, the hemorrhoid nozzles are located in the anus in a concrete size that can be seen and felt by hand.
The hemorrhoid nozzle, which has become thrombosed, is included in the external hemorrhoid type. Thrombosed hemorrhoids; It is the name given to the clotting of blood in hemorrhoidal tangles. It is also known as strangled hemorrhoids among the public. These formations manifest themselves as hard, painful swellings, giving symptoms such as burning, itching, stinging, and bleeding as a result of excessive pressure, and take on a bluish or purplish color.
Hemorrhoid Symptoms
Internal and external hemorrhoid types present themselves with different symptoms. In general terms, we can list these symptoms as follows:
Fresh bright red blood coming from the anus during toilet
Itching sensation in the anal area
Burning in the anal area
Palpable swelling in the anus
Feeling of fullness in the anus
Feeling of defecation
Feeling of wetness, discharge and accompanying pain
How to Diagnose?
Hemorrhoids, which are among the most common anal diseases, are the most important stage in diagnosing the patient's complaints. This diagnosis is made by an anal examination by a proctologist who is an expert in his field. young patients While anal examination is sufficient for this, rectoscopy is recommended for patients complaining of rectal bleeding.
After the examination, some tests may be requested when necessary. Since the symptoms of intestinal diseases such as digestive system and large intestine tumors are similar to the symptoms of hemorrhoids, a definitive diagnosis may be required with colonoscopy. Because in order to diagnose hemorrhoids, it is necessary to rule out these underlying disorders.
What Should Be Considered to Reduce the Risk of Hemorrhoids?
In order to live a healthy life, water is the first thing to do. At least 2 liters of water should be consumed daily. In our country, people generally consume many liquids such as tea, coffee and fruit juices instead of water. It should be known that no amount of liquid consumption replaces the water necessary for our body. Consuming water is among the important factors in hemorrhoids that develop due to constipation, as it is the leading cause of many diseases.
Consuming fiber-rich foods, which ensure the functioning of the digestive system and activate the intestines, thus counteracting constipation, is important for hemorrhoids. is of great importance. Plenty of green vegetables and fruits, legumes and nuts should be consumed. Care should be taken to consume kefir, ayran, yoghurt and cheese with probiotic content. Ready-made foods, fast food-based diets, and excessive consumption of acidic drinks should be avoided. It is necessary to reduce the consumption of carbohydrate-rich foods such as white bread.
For a healthy life, care should be taken not to stay away from movement. The intestines work simultaneously with the movement. For this reason, it is necessary to make sports a natural lifestyle. An active life will regulate digestion It will be a great factor in relieving constipation.
One cannot realize the time spent in the toilet with time-wasting objects such as newspapers, books and phones. In this case, the tendency to sit for a long time can cause hemorrhoids as the pressure on the anus increases. To reduce the risk of hemorrhoids, one should not sit on the toilet for more than 5 minutes.
Hemorrhoids (Hemorrhoids) Treatment Methods
Hemorrhoids never heal on their own. It must be treated by a specialist physician. However, when the disease is noticed in the first stage, a diet program under the supervision of a doctor, a warm water sit bath, and methods used with medications are applied, relief can be achieved without any worry.
Medication treatment methods only provide temporary relief. These methods have only a sedative effect. It blocks the patient's complaints for a certain period of time and gradually reduces their effects in the future. For this reason, the patient cannot respond to the treatment in this method.
In the surgical treatment method, the hemorrhoids formed in the anus are cut and removed, and then the area is stitched to turn it into a smooth anus circle. Surgical treatment is performed under general anesthesia. For this reason, many complications may occur in the patient. It takes approximately 20 days for the patient to return to normal life after the surgery. However, in some unexpected cases, this period may be even longer. Care should be taken to clean the wound and stitch area after the surgery. Because it is much easier for an open wound to get infected.
A person suffering from hemorrhoids sometimes resorts to herbal methods that have no scientific basis and seeks to cure himself. Be all diseases As in the case of hemorrhoids, this mistake can lead to very dangerous consequences.
In the non-surgical treatment method, only local anesthesia is used.
Hemorrhoids are not a disease that can heal spontaneously and must be treated.
Techniques Used in Non-Surgical Hemorrhoids (Hemorrhoids) Treatment
Laser Treatment with
Treatment with electrosurgery
Treatment with radiofrequency
Treatment with band ligation
Treatment with THD (Hemorrhoid artery ligation)
Treatment with photocoagulation can be considered
Non-surgical techniques can be used alone or in combination depending on the stage of the disease.
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