- Quitting smoking
Smoking is the most important and only preventable cause of cancer. It is responsible for 85-90% of lung cancers. The cause of 30% of all cancer deaths is smoking. 85% of people start smoking under the age of 21. The most common age of onset is between 11 and 14 years of age, and 1/3 of these people will die from smoking-related cancers.
- Diet
Daily fat intake accounts for total calories. It should not exceed 30% and solid fats should not exceed 10%. Fruits, vegetables and grains should be eaten, the intake of salted, pickled and smoked foods should be greatly reduced, and alcohol intake should be limited.
- Hormones
You should be careful about using HRT (Hormone Replacement Therapy) or any kind of hormones after menopause and such medications should not be used without consulting a specialist.
- Sun rays
Exposure to sunlight in moderation and when the rays are not too direct, and using creams with high UV protection when necessary, are important in protecting against melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers
- Vaccine
Vaccination against Hepatitis-B is of great importance in preventing Liver Cancer (HCC) and vaccination against HPV is of great importance in preventing cervical cancer.
- Preventive surgery
It covers topics such as removal of non-cancerous skin lesions, familial bowel polyps: bowel removal, genetic breast cancer risk: bilateral breast removal or ovarian removal. In cases of mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 tumor suppressor genes, the decision for preventive surgery on the breast or ovaries is a complex situation and is made by the joint decision of a multidisciplinary team and the patient.
- Chemoprevention
It is the prevention of cancer formation or development with non-toxic, natural substances or drugs. So far, substances with ideal properties have not been developed. However, studies are continuing for various cancers.
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