The branch of science dealing with the surrounding tissues of the teeth is called 'periodontology', and the inflammatory diseases of these tissues caused by various reasons are called 'periodontal diseases'.
What is Gingivitis?
The branch of science dealing with the surrounding tissues of the teeth is called 'periodontology', and the inflammatory diseases of these tissues caused by various reasons are called 'periodontal diseases'.
Periodontal diseases are responsible for 70% of tooth loss in adults. These diseases can be treated easily and successfully when diagnosed at an early stage. Prevention or treatment of gum disease; It also brings other benefits such as protecting natural teeth, providing more comfortable chewing and better digestion.
Periodontal diseases begin with gingivitis. In gingivitis, only the gums are affected. During this period, the gums are bleeding, red and enlarged in volume. It may not cause much discomfort in the early period. When gingivitis is treated, the inflammation in the gums disappears and healing is observed. If not treated, the disease may progress to periodontitis and cause irreversible damage to the gingiva and alveolar bone supporting the teeth. In some cases, bleeding may occur in the gums due to improper brushing.
What is Periodontitis?
Periodontitis is a more advanced stage of periodontal diseases. Along with the gingiva, other tissues supporting the teeth are also damaged. A "periodontal pocket" is formed between the tooth and the gum. The presence of periodontal pocket facilitates the localization of the infection and the progression of the disease. As the disease progresses, the teeth begin to wobble and may even go into extraction.
What are the Causes of Gum Diseases?
Although bacterial plaque is the main cause of periodontal diseases, smoking, systemic diseases, drugs, stress and Other factors, such as nutrition, can also affect gum health. At the same time, care should be taken in order not to cause any complications during dental treatment of diseases or conditions affecting the general body system, and the dentist should be informed about the subject. It should be reduced. In addition, the symptoms of gingivitis are masked due to the chemicals in the cigarette and the heat effect. For this reason, the patient is often unaware of the periodontal disease because the inflamed gingiva does not bleed. occurs, and in this case, the response of tissues to microorganisms increases. Therefore, it is very important to pay extra attention to daily brushing and flossing in order to keep bacterial plaque under control during these periods.
Systemic diseases
Some systemic diseases such as diabetes and diseases affecting the immune system also increase the severity of periodontitis. and affects the response to treatment. Diseases that affect the body's defense system, such as leukemia and AIDS, can worsen the condition of the gums. In cases where people are very susceptible to infection, gum disease is usually much more severe and difficult to control. Diabetic patients have a high risk of developing infection. Therefore, periodontal diseases may develop more easily in diabetics and may lead to more severe destruction. Especially in uncontrolled diabetes, the severity of periodontal disease and tissue destruction increase. Although diabetes is a risk factor for periodontal disease, periodontal disease is accepted as a complication of diabetes. These; birth control pills, antidepressants, some blood pressure-heart medications, immunosuppressant drugs, drugs used in the treatment of epilepsy, some drugs in spray form used in the treatment of asthma and containing cortisone. In such a case, the dentist and medical doctor should consult.
Stress
Stress is also a risk factor for periodontal disease. It is known that it is a disease and makes it difficult to fight against infections. Periodontal diseases are also serious infections. In case of malnutrition, the severity of gingivitis may increase.
What are the Symptoms of Gum Diseases?
- Bleeding during tooth brushing or spontaneously in the gums,
- Red, swollen and sensitive gums,
- Bad bad breath,
- Recession in the gums,
- Gums that can be easily separated from the teeth and receded,
- Inflammatory discharge between the teeth and gums,
- Teeth that wobble or gradually move away from each other (creation of gaps between teeth or increase in existing gaps),
- Bottom and upper teeth during biting Changes in the relationship between teeth
- Change in the compatibility of the existing prosthesis.
The cause of bleeding occurs as a result of some inflammatory events that occur during the period of gingival disease, as a result of the deterioration of the vascularity and vascular structure that feeds the gingival tissue, as a result of which the blood elements that should remain in the vein can go out of the vein.
If the disease is only in the gingiva and has not progressed to the lower bone, the problem is solved with tartar cleaning and a good oral care. If it has reached the tissues under the gingiva, these areas should be treated with appropriate periodontal surgical procedures.
How to Treat Gum Diseases?
In the early period of gingival diseases, non-surgical approaches are used in the majority of cases. treatment is sufficient. In the initial periodontal treatment, tooth and root surface cleaning is done, oral hygiene training is given, occlusion is checked and food residues and microorganisms are removed. It removes retention areas (caries, wisdom teeth) that allow easy accumulation. With this treatment, it is aimed to reduce or eliminate the inflammation in the gums and to remove the microorganisms that cause gingivitis from the environment. With this treatment, the gingiva adapts to the tooth again, the gingiva shrinks and the tissue pocket disappears.
Surgical Periodontal Treatments
More advanced periodontal diseases may require surgical treatment. With this treatment, calculus in the deep periodontal pockets surrounding the teeth is cleaned; periodontal pockets are eliminated; A smooth root surface is provided and it is aimed to provide a more easily cleanable gingival form to the patient. Gingival recessions are treated with connective tissue or free gingival graft operations. Surgical interventions:
Subgingival Curettage
If the tissue does not show the expected healing following the initial periodontal treatment, the gingiva is anesthetized with local anesthesia and the inflammatory tissues and calculus under the gingiva are removed.
Gingivectomy and Gingivoplasty
>It is a surgical procedure performed under local anesthesia to give physiological form to the thickened gingival margins, to correct gingival morphology and to treat fibrotic gingival enlargements.
Flap operation
An environment that can prevent the progression of periodontal disease and provide adequate plaque control to the patient It is a surgical procedure to create In this procedure, after the relevant area is anesthetized with local anesthesia, the gingiva, root surfaces and bone are lifted to expose, inflamed tissues are removed, the root surface is straightened and necessary bone corrections are made. In cases where bone destruction progresses and appropriate, bone graft, membrane and tissue stimulating proteins are used to form new support structures.
What is Tooth Sensitivity and How Does It Occur?
Teeth, protective enamel 'tooth sensitivity' is called 'tooth sensitivity' as a result of wear of its layers or increased permeability due to various reasons. The teeth whose enamel has been eroded due to various reasons, especially acid erosion due to the escape of gastric acid from the stomach to the esophagus, wrong brushing, It is understood with the increase of sensitivity, especially to cold. Cold and hot sensitivity, bruises, etc. It should be ensured that it is not caused by another condition.
How To Treat Tooth Sensitivity?
There are different treatment methods available, depending on the degree of sensitivity and the degree of enamel defect, especially in the treatment of sensitive teeth that overreact to cold factors. .
After a detailed clinical examination, a wide range of treatment methods are applied, from fluoride application, application of desensitizing chemical agents to the teeth, treatment with aesthetic composite restorations and crowning of the teeth.
Preventing Dental and Gum Diseases What Can Be Done for It?
Regular dental check-ups every 6 months is the most important step for oral and dental health. Although the formation of tartar changes depending on many factors such as daily oral hygiene, nutrition habits and saliva structure, it is definitely seen in every person. . Regular cleaning of tartar by the dentist helps us to ensure maximum cleaning when we brush our teeth. br>Another issue that should not be forgotten; Since there will be physiological tissue losses in the mouth and teeth with age, less tissue loss will be ensured in regular dental check-ups in the early periods. The sooner the damage to the teeth and surrounding tissues can be prevented, the more healthy tissue will remain for older ages.
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