Azospermia; It is the absence of sperm cells in the sperm sample (spermiogram) taken for examination. It is an important cause of male infertility. It is usually detected during routine tests performed on couples who cannot achieve pregnancy despite 1 year of unprotected intercourse. It is preferable to confirm with repeated tests rather than making a diagnosis with a single sperm sample. For almost all patients with this diagnosis, the only way to have a child is IVF (in vitro fertilization) treatments.
Azopermia can basically be divided into two groups. Clogging-related and non-clogging-related. In the group that is due to obstruction, the testicles can produce sperm, but due to congenital or subsequent blockages in the ducts due to reasons such as infection, sperm cannot be delivered to the semen and expelled.
In the group that is not due to obstruction, there is no sperm production in the testicles. The majority of azoospermia patients are in this group. Genetic reasons, hormonal reasons, testicles being high at birth and this situation not being intervened in time, exposure to radiation, etc. It may occur for reasons such as.
Azospermia may be congenital or may develop later. It may be caused by increasing age, nutritional disorders, obesity or extreme thinness, environmental factors (stress, psychological disorders), hormonal disorders.
Patients generally cannot notice azoospermia. If the semen has different colors than it should be (such as yellow, green and red), is denser or more liquid than normal, or has an unusual odor, it would be beneficial for you to be examined.
If azoospermia is detected in spermiograms performed consecutively (3-4 weeks apart), it should be evaluated with urology examination and genetic tests. Structural and numerical genetic abnormalities can be detected in approximately 10% of patients. Breaks (deletions) in the Y chromosome can also be detected. Which genetic disorder the patient has is important to evaluate the patient's likelihood of getting results with subsequent treatments.
Although azoospermia treatment varies depending on the cause of the disease, it can generally be performed by microscopic TESE procedure. With micro TESE, testicular tissues examined under a microscope are taken from those that are likely to contain sperm and sperm are separated from these tissues. The sperm found here were transferred via ICSI (microinjection) Fertilization is done by injecting the egg into the egg using the (ion) method. It is easier to obtain sperm in patients with azoospermia due to obstruction.
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