Many congenital anomalies can be detected in the womb.
In some of these anomalies, due to high mortality rates or severe disabilities or disabilities, and or mental retardation, termination of pregnancy may be an option and the family is discussed.
Intrauterine treatment is possible for some of the congenital anomalies; Treatment and follow-up increase the survival rates of babies and reduce possible problems.
Again, in some anomalies, prior recognition and follow-up provides the opportunity to be prepared for possible complications. It will be possible to reduce the mortality rates and complications that may develop in babies with immediate interventions during the neonatal period. Examining the fetus (baby) with ultrasonography is very important.
Fetus examination with ultrasonography is not an easy task, and factors such as the baby's position and the amount of amniotic fluid, the mother's weight, skin thickness and previous operations affect the quality of the examination. affects its compleability. Also, ultrasonography examinations should be performed by Perinatology specialists or specially trained and experienced specialists.
It is possible to recognize 60-80% of major anomalies during ultrasonographic examination of the fetus. In other words, it is not possible to recognize some of the anomalies, and it may not always be possible to recognize some of the anomalies that can be diagnosed.
Which structural anomalies can we recognize?
Which structural anomalies can we recognize? strong>
Skull and spine anomalies (Anencephaly, Encephalocele, Spina Bifida), Brain anomalies (Hydrocephaly, Microcephaly, Corpus Callosum agenesis, Lissencephaly etc.), Cerebellum anomalies (Vermis agenesis, Dandy-Walker Malformation, etc.), cysts and tumors in the brain can also be diagnosed.
Although the diagnosis of facial anomalies is very difficult, eye (cataract, microophthalmia, anophthalmia), ear, nose anomalies, cleft palate Brain and jaw anomalies (micrognathia, retrognathia) can be diagnosed. Again, tumors and cystic masses that may occur in the neck and congenital goiter diseases can be diagnosed in the fetus (baby).
Prenatal diagnosis of heart anomalies, which is one of the most common congenital anomalies, is possible. Position and localization anomalies of the heart, Ventricular septum defect (VSD), Atrioventricular septal defect, Valve diseases (Mitral and Tricuspid valve, Aortic and Pulmonary valve stenosis or atresia, Ebstein Anomaly...) Position and development anomalies in large vessels (Truncus anomaly, double outlet right ventricle, tetralogy of Fallot, great artery transposition, aortic coarctation and other anomalies, venous return anomalies), tumors and masses in the heart, and rhythm disorders can be detected in prenatal diagnosis.
Skeletal anomalies in the thorax
Skeletal anomalies in the thorax
It is possible to recognize (such as stenosis or deformities), hydrothorax, effusion (fluid collection), respiratory tract anomalies, lung anomalies (congenital adenomatoid malformation, sequestration). It is not possible to evaluate the entire esophagus on ultrasound, but although it is very difficult, prenatal diagnosis of esophageal atresia can be made. Again, masses and tumoral formations and Diaphragmatic hernias can be diagnosed in the prenatal period.Abdominal anterior wall anomalies (Ompholocele, gastroschisis, Cloacal anomalies). etc.) are often diagnosed prenatally. Again,stomach, small and large intestine obstruction or developmental anomalies (obstruction or atresia),anal atresia (closure of the anus), liver and spleen enlargement,absence of gallbladder Diseases such as can be diagnosed prenatally. Ascites (fluid accumulation in the abdomen), cystic masses and tumors in the abdomen and pelvis can be diagnosed.
Again,Kidney anomalies (development anomalies, absence (renal agenesis), cystic developmental anomalies (polycystic kidney diseases), renal outlet stenosis (ureteropelvic stenosis), hydronephrosis ), anomalies related to the urinary bladder and its tract (bladder exstrophy, vesicourethral reflux, urethral atresia or stenosis, posterior urethral valve syndrome) is possible. It is also possible to recognize structural genital anomalies (hypospadias, suspicious genital organ).
Skeletal anomalies, shortness or absence of bones, deformities, fractures. and diseases related to them (such as Achondroplasia, Achondrogenesis, Campomelic dysplasia, Hypophosphatasia, Osteogenesis imperfecta), deformities in the hands and feet (deviation, ectrodacty, pes equinavarus), excess fingers (polydactyly), diseases or syndromes related to contracture in the joints can be diagnosed.
Fetal anemia is also recognized in the prenatal period.
In identical twins (Monochorionic twins) cord entanglement, conjoined twin, acardiac twin (one twin has no heart), twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome (veins between twins come together to exchange blood), Twin anemia- Problems such as polycythemia (anemia in one and excessive blood in the other) can be diagnosed in the prenatal period.
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