Sinuses are a system of cavities in the front part of the skull. It is argued that the sinuses give lightness to the facial bones and, as a result, provide balance. The exit channels of the sinuses are usually very narrow. These are also called
ostia.
In cases such as cold or flu, the mucosa surrounding the ostia swells and the exit channels are blocked. Air cannot enter the sinuses
and the fluids in the sinuses cannot be expelled. These fluids remaining in the sinuses cause a bacterial
infection. Inflammation of the mucosa layer
covering the inside of these air-filled spaces is called sinusitis.
According to its localization, maxillary, ethmoidal, frontal or sphenoidal sinusitis is mentioned.
Sinusitis can be divided into Acute and Chronic. It is necessary to separate it.
Acute Sinusitis
We get flu or cold especially in winter months due to seasonal change, allergic reactions, decrease in body resistance, taking a bath and going out immediately.
The organism may not be able to overcome this situation and the infection spreads to the sinuses. This condition, which occurs first and does not recur, is called "Acute sinusitis".
What are the symptoms?
- Edema around the eyes and pain that increases with pressure at the cheek level are the most typical findings of acute sinusitis.
What are the symptoms? p>
- Pain at the forehead level, around the eyes and on both sides of the nose, which gets worse when the head is bent forward, is common.
This pain, which progresses in crises, makes all our social and physical activities impossible during the day.
It is severe enough to cause insomnia at night. may occur.
- Nasal congestion, inflammatory nasal discharge, rarely nosebleeds and decreased ability to smell are other
symptoms.
- High fever is observed in cases that are not treated on time.
>How is it diagnosed?
- Acute sinusitis, which almost always occurs after a flu infection, is easy to diagnose. In fact,
no additional examination is required
- However, normal sinus radiographs are requested to understand which sinus is involved and whether this sinusitis is unilateral or bilateral.
Treatment of ACUTE Sinusitis
Firstly, broad spectrum antibiotics and an anti-inflammatory are given. It is beneficial to make steam.
To ensure drainage of the sinuses, medications to dissolve mucosal edema and nasal preparations.
The process of aspirating the sinus content, called sinus function, is only applied in cases with high fever and unbearable headache. This operation is performed under local or general anesthesia. "Acute sinusitis" that is neglected or not treated properly can easily recur. In other words, it can become chronic.
Chronic Sinusitis
Chronic sinusitis not only causes ENT specialists a lot of trouble, but also disturbs the patients a lot.
It even pushes them to despair.
It ensures the normal functioning of the sinuses. It occurs due to blockage of ostia and cells. In these
cases, there is a long-term, frequently recurring ventilation and emptying (clearing) problem in the sinuses.
What are the Symptoms of Chronic Sinusitis?
The most important finding encountered in patients. ; It is nasal congestion that increases in severity at night. That's why patients
say in almost every examination that they have been using nasal drops for a long time, which are very harmful to the nasal mucosa and habit-forming.
There is an insidious, not strong headache around the eyes and at the forehead level.
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Postnasal discharge, also called postnasal drip, causes burning in the throat, pain, tingling sensation, hoarseness and cough
. This indicates that the infection has spread downwards.
Diagnosis and Treatment in Chronic Sinusitis
Classical radiological examinations have lost their importance. Today, the most reliable information about sinus diseases is obtained by computerized sinus tomography. It is a method that helps diagnosis and does not cause pain to the patient when applied.
Medical (drug) treatment should be tried first with every diagnosed chronic sinusitis.
The sinus mucosa is fed through bone. Bone blood supply is more difficult than other soft tissues. For this reason, long-term (10-15 days) antibiotic treatment is applied.
Steaming has the benefit of medications that will dilute the fluid in the sinuses and allow it to be removed more easily.
Such a combined treatment After the treatment, the patient is checked again. If the patient's complaints have not resolved, here
endoscopic methods appear.
The first thing to be done is for "DIAGNOSTIC" purposes, which is very valuable and important for doctors
endoscopy. Thus, they reveal the continuation of sinusitis and the anatomical changes that may lead to this condition.
Nasal bone curvature and enlargement of the nasal flesh are among the main causes of sinusitis.
Allergic reactions and dental infections are a must. It must be treated.
The treatment of chronic sinusitis has not been very successful for many years due to the fact that sinus physiology was not fully known and sinus anatomy was not recognized until yesterday.
Chronic sinusitis, which is said to have no definitive treatment among the public. "TREATMENT IS NOT IMPOSSIBLE" anymore.
Narrowing and obstructions in the sinus channels and nasal cavities are now eliminated by the "ENDOSCOPIC
METHOD", ensuring sinus ventilation and drainage in accordance with physiology, thus
success in the treatment of chronic sinusitis.
Old methods have lost all their importance because they are not physiological.
Complications
Untreated cases carry a risk of periorbital (eye area) complications. This condition
may cause the eyes to swell, close completely, and cause visual impairment. Since the sinuses are organs close to the brain, they have risks that may lead to brain inflammation. In order to avoid such serious problems
, chronic sinusitis must be treated.
Structural nasal disorders that prevent good breathing and mucus flow may pose the danger of sinusitis.
Sinusitis is infection or infection of the sinuses. It manifests itself as inflammation. A case of acute sinusitis occurs when the lining of the nose swells as a result of a cold or an allergic attack, resulting in the secretion of large amounts of mucus.
The membranes can swell so much that the small openings of the sinuses are closed. If air and mucus cannot move freely between the nose and sinuses
, mucus accumulates in the sinuses and causes pressure to increase. This
causes pain in the cheeks and upper teeth, between the eyes or behind the eyes, which can be caused by pressing on the face or forehead, depending on which sinus is affected. The majority of sinusitis cases respond to medical treatment and are not dangerous. However, an infection in the sinus can affect both the eye and
It is very close to the brain. It is very rare for the infection to spread to the eye or brain.
However, the mucus flowing from infected sinuses is not healthy for the lungs. It either aggravates or causes sinusitis, bronchitis,
chronic cough and asthma,
During a cold, the nasal lining swells and the nose becomes runny or filled with mucus. Headache that occurs on the cheeks, forehead or around the eyes is probably sinusitis
pain. , “Sinus infection causes this. Another type of sinus headache occurs when the plane descends
to land. These features become evident if you have a cold or active allergies.
Unfortunately, there are many reasons that can be confused with a sinus headache.
For example, migraine and other vascular headaches or tension headaches can affect both the forehead and the eyes.
They can be confused with sinusitis because it causes pain in the surrounding area and may also cause a runny nose. However, these types of headaches come and go in a short time without medical intervention. They are different from sinusitis, which lasts a long time without medical intervention and can only be resolved with antibiotic treatment.
However, the occasional headache that causes nausea and vomiting is more like a migraine headache. A doctor should be consulted for the diagnosis of severe, frequent and long headaches.
Many people, especially those with allergies, may encounter sinus problems. Those who have a broken nose or a cartilaginous structure between the nasal holes that divide the nose into right and left halves are at risk of sinusitis. In addition, those who are frequently exposed to infection, such as school teachers and healthcare personnel, and smokers are also at risk of sinusitis.
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