Caffeine is a purine (CSN4H4) derivative herbal alkaloid that carries a methyl group at the 1,3,7 position. Theobromine is found in large amounts in the seeds of the cocoa plant, and theophylline is found in small amounts in tea leaves.
Caffeine was first isolated in pure form by Ferdinand Runge in 1820. Caffeine was produced synthetically by Strecker in 1861 by methylation of theobromine.
The main natural sources of caffeine are coffee, tea, tropical plants growing in South America such as gurana, yoco and mate, cola and cocoa plants. Cocoa contains a lot of theobromine and a small amount of caffeine. Caffeine is used in the preparation of cola drinks and in pharmacy to produce drugs that stimulate the central nervous system.
There is more than one reason for caffeine consumption. The most common and well-known of these are important reasons such as staying awake and increasing performance and attention by reducing physical stagnation, resulting from the stimulating properties of caffeine. In recent studies on caffeine, many effects of this substance on the heart and circulatory system, respiratory system and endocrine system, as well as the central nervous system, have been investigated. With the stimulating effect of caffeine, especially on the nervous system, athletes are more alert and fit; It is known that it increases heart rate and dilates blood vessels (vasodilation) with its effects on the cardiovascular system. In this way, it is predicted that faster blood flow will be provided to the cells and energy will be produced faster. For this reason, caffeine was included in the stimulants section of the banned substances list by the World Doping Federation (WADA) for a while, but has now been removed from the doping list.
Caffeine is the most studied and researched ergogenic substance. It is one of the supports. Caffeine; running, cycling, rowing, swimming, etc. It is used to increase both physical and cognitive performance in physical activities. Numerous data suggest caffeine for performance, physical and technical improvement. For example, caffeine increases performance in movements such as sprinting and jumping. It is generally recommended to take 2-6 mg/kg to show its ergogenic effects. Plasma caffeine levels occur approximately 40-60 minutes after consuming caffeinated beverages, capsules or gels (varies depending on the athlete). min) then rises. For this reason, it is useful for football players to consume caffeine during the warm-up before the match starts.
Caffeine is a central nervous system that can improve performance in endurance exercises such as intermittent high-intensity exercises over a long period of time, such as sports competing against time and team sports. It has nervous system stimulating properties. Caffeine delays the perception of fatigue, increases fat oxidation and reduces the breakdown of glycogen. It was observed that it increased endurance time by 44% and lap time by 55%. It is not clear how caffeine achieves this, but it is likely that caffeine increases plasma and free fatty acid levels and muscle glyceride utilization, while a metabolic event occurs at the beginning of exercise that spares muscle glycogen. In addition, there is usually an increase in the plasma epinephrine level, but this increase is not related to the enhancing effect of caffeine.
In high doses of caffeine, headache, tremor, nervousness, diuresis, heart rhythm disorders, tachycardia. Problems such as this may occur. When used in higher doses, symptoms such as insomnia, tremors, nervousness, irregular heartbeats and increased breathing may be observed.
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