Bladder tumors are the 3rd most common cancer. The incidence rate has increased significantly in the last 20 years. It is also seen 3 times more frequently in men. The most important reason is CIGARETTE use. Active or passive exposure to cigarette
and other tobacco products is the most important cause of bladder tumor
today. Apart from this, long-term work in the paint industry is also an important risk factor.
SYMPTOMS:
The most important symptom of a bladder tumor is bright red bloody
urine containing pieces of meat and clots. Pain complaints are often not found in patients. Bleeding may recur intermittently. For this reason,
it is very important for those who complain of bloody urine to come to the control of a urologist immediately, even if this situation has happened once and gone. At this stage, there is a great chance of being diagnosed at the early superficial
stage.
Endoscopic appearance of the bladder tumor
DIAGNOSIS:
Although diagnosis can be made with various radiological examinations, the definitive diagnosis Endoscopy (cystoscopy)
must be performed for this purpose. Endoscopy; It is essential for both diagnosis, pathological determination of the stage and simultaneous treatment
.
PATHOLOGY AND STAGE OF THE TUMOR
In the majority of patients (80-85%), the diagnosis has not yet been made. They have a superficial
tumor in the early stage. The majority of these patients continue their lives without any problems with close follow-up and controls after surgery. However, a small group of patients (15-20%) are at an advanced stage at the time of diagnosis. The tumor has now spread to the muscle layer of the bladder. These patients may need more major surgery, medication
or radiation treatments.
*The type and stage of the tumor are the most important criteria in choosing treatment. This is a With the match, an endoscopic surgery is performed for biopsy
at the time of initial diagnosis.
CONTROLS:
The most important feature of bladder tumors is their recurrence. This is seen in approximately 50-60%.< For this reason, patients should not skip their check-ups. Superficial early-stage bladder tumors should be checked by endoscopy at regular
intervals. This interval is once every 3 months in the first years. Control
intervals may be opened over time. In some cases, lifelong control is needed.
TREATMENT:
ENDOSCOPIC SURGERY (TUR-TM):
Bladder It is the process of removing the tumor from the bladder piece by piece by closed endoscopic method. The pieces taken are sent to analysis for
staging.
BLADDER DRUG ADMINISTRATION (INSTILLATION):
It is applied after the first surgery to prevent recurrence. Some medications are injected from the penis into the bladder 6 times, once a week. With this treatment, recurrences are reduced by 50%
. Depending on the situation, 3 more maintenance treatments can be performed at 3-month intervals for up to 1 year.
RADICAL SURGERY:
In advanced stage bladder tumors that have spread to the muscle layer, the bladder is affected by the prostate in men,
In women, the entire uterus and ovaries must be removed by open surgery. In suitable
patients, a new bladder can be created from the intestine. In unsuitable patients, the urinary ducts
are connected to the abdominal skin.
CHEMOTHERAPY AND RADIOTHERAPY:
In cases where open surgery is not suitable or is not sufficient (for example, if the tumor has spread to the lymph nodes),
medication Treatment (Chemotherapy) or radiation therapy (Radiotherapy) may be required. These treatments
stop or regress the progression of the disease.
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