This important parasitic disease of the liver is a zoonosis. Zoonos means disease transmitted from animals. The name of the parasite is ecchinococcus granulosus. It lives in the intestines of meat-eating animals such as wolves, dogs and foxes. With the feces of these animals, parasite eggs mix with the soil and water, and spread to the environment by natural movements (wind, rain, etc.) and by contaminating the feet of animals walking on the land. Herbivorous animals such as horses, donkeys, buffalos, sheep, goats and cattle acquire the parasite orally. Flies landing on infected animal feces pollute environmental waters. People become infected by inadequately washed raw vegetables and fruits, and by drinking or using water contaminated with the parasite. People who eat the meat of infected animals such as sheep, goats and cattle that have acquired the parasite can also get the disease. Especially people engaged in agriculture and animal husbandry are in the risk group. However, it can also be transmitted to poisoned people through agricultural products contaminated with parasite eggs and eaten raw, or through the meat of animals infected with the parasite. Human-to-human transmission. is out of the question. Parasite eggs ingested through the digestive system hatch in the intestine and spread to organs through both blood circulation and lymph circulation. The most affected organ is the liver. The risk of liver disease is 60-70%. If it cannot settle in the liver, it settles mostly in the lungs at a rate of 20-25%. If it cannot adhere to the liver and lungs, it joins the systemic circulation and settles in the kidneys, heart, brain and bones. Although up to 70% of cases involve a single organ, such as only the liver or only the lungs, there may also be multiple organ involvement, such as spread from the liver to the lungs. It forms cysts in the organ where it is located. The parasite that settles in the liver can cause digestive system complaints such as abdominal pain, heartburn, indigestion, nausea and vomiting, weight loss, and jaundice if it enters the biliary tract. If abscessed, the disease causes complaints such as fever, etc., and also often causes allergic reactions such as urticaria and asthma, which have features such as skin redness and itching. As can be seen, it is not correct to consider all kinds of itching and skin redness as simple urticaria, and the cause of the phenomenon should be investigated. During the examination, liver enlargement, abdominal tenderness, and liver and abdominal masses may be detected. If hydatid disease affects the lungs, spit blood. nausea, cough, and side pain. If the parasite explodes, the patient begins to produce sputum containing parasite eggs, like rock water. In this case, we can say that whichever organ the parasite settles in will show symptoms of the disease of that organ. Diagnostic blood tests. It is diagnosed by chest X-ray, abdominal ultrasonography, computed tomography of the lungs and liver, and MRI (magnetic resonance). In treatment, surgery or medication is performed depending on the condition of the case, the organ in which the disease is located, and its prevalence. In order to be protected from the disease, those who work in agriculture and animal husbandry and people who keep pets should be informed about this issue, raw vegetables and fruits should be washed well, and drinking and using dirty water should be avoided. During Eid al-Adha or other than Eid al-Adha, care should be taken to ensure that all butchered animals are animals that have been veterinarily inspected, the internal organs of slaughtered animals should be prevented from being thrown to random places, and those involved in animal slaughter should not have any wounds or bruises on the organs that come into contact with the meat.
Dear readers, I wish you a disease-free, problem-free, healthy and happy life.
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