About Stuttering

• Fear and worry do not cause stuttering. Stuttering behavior can cause anxiety in the individual.

• Imitating someone who stutters does not cause the person to stutter.

• There is a difference between stuttering and intelligence. There is no relationship.

• Adult stuttering may not go away completely with therapy, the person learns to control and manage stuttering.

My CHILD IS STUTTING WHAT SHOULD I DO?

• Do not complete the sentences your child is stuck in while talking.

• Stop! Repeat! Take a breath! Calm down! Do not make warnings like this.

FACTORS CAUSED TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF STUTTERING

• Children who are predisposed to congenital fluency disorder (Family)

• Mild stuttering that occurs in haste during language acquisition or other developmental fluency disorders

• Environmental fluency disorder, criticizing speech or stressful event

• Negative feelings and attitudes about communication caused by repeated frustration and embarrassment due to stuttering.

APPROACHES TO STUTTERING IN CHILDHOOD

• FUN WITH FLUENCY

2.5-7 with stuttering It is one of the therapy methods used for children in the age range, which includes direct fluency shaping strategies. It is a therapy method that does not only focus on stuttering, but also deals with the child's feelings and attitudes. Depending on the progress of the therapy process, family counseling includes the regulation of variables in the environment and the revision of modification strategies.

(Fun with fluency: Direct therapy with the young child P. Walton, M Wallace – 1998)

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• PALIN PCI: FAMILY & CHILD INTERACTION THERAPY

Palin; It is one of the family-oriented indirect therapy methods used in children with stuttering up to the age of 7. Palin's main focus is to increase the knowledge and awareness of parents about stuttering, to reduce the level of anxiety, to determine the child's skill profile, and to need strategies and environmental protection. It is to support the child's natural fluency by making arrangements. It is different from other approaches that address parent-child interaction with a video feedback system that raises awareness rather than instruction.

(Millard, S. K., Zebrowski, P., S Kelman, E. (2018). parent-child interaction therapy: The big picture American journal of speech-language pathology, 27(35), 1211-1223.)

• MINI KIDS

It is one of the direct therapy methods applied to children with stuttering between the ages of 4-6. It is a therapy method used in children with intense self-stuttering behaviors, psychologically affected by stuttering, accompanied by secondary behaviors, especially in children whose language development is very advanced. There are 4 stages respectively; Depersonalization, Description, Modification, Generalization. The main purpose is to stop the strain and change the stuttering pattern at the moment of real stuttering.

(*Onslow, M. S Packman, A. (1999). Treatment recovery and spontaneous recovery from early stuttering: The need for consistent methods in data collection and interpretation. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 42, 398 -401. **Reardon, N., Yaruss, JS. What We Do with Preschoolers Who Stutter, Paper at the ASHA Convention. Chicago, November 2003)

• LIDCOMBE PROGRAM

Lidcombe is a behavioral approach to direct therapy for children with stuttering under the age of 6 in the preschool period. It is a therapy method in which the clinician guides the family weekly and is maintained by the parents in daily life. Lidcombe aims for the child to speak fluently without getting stuck. Progress through the reinforcement of fluent speech with positive feedback.

(Harris, Vanessa et al. "An experimental study of the effect of the Lidcombe Program on early stuttering." Journal of fluency disorders 27.3 (2002): 203-214.)

• FLUENCY SHAPING TECHNIQUES

The fluency shaping therapy approach is a direct therapy method that aims to increase speech and remove stuttering behaviors in individuals with stuttering. It shapes the whole speech and makes it more fluent with the motor control one learns, not just the snags. provides the speech. It is a therapy method that requires intense attention and effort of the client, which proceeds hierarchically with the use of different speech shaping techniques.

(Prins, David, and Roger J. Ingham. "Evidence-based therapy and stuttering-historical perspective." (2009). Blomgren, Michael et al. Intensive stuttering modification therapy.' (2005).)

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