Bypsy has a very important place in the diagnosis of many complex and troublesome diseases for both the patient and the doctor, especially cancer. I wonder what biopsy is, which is the nightmare of many patients in this process where diagnosis is difficult?
Biopsy is the removal of tissue or cells from any part of the body to investigate the disease. At this point, obtaining cells with a simple needle, removing a small tissue sample with special needles, or removing suspicious tissue with a surgical procedure are different biopsy methods.
The correct biopsy methods form the basis for effective treatment. Provides diagnostic information. Unfortunately, due to lack of sufficient knowledge and fear at the social level about these procedures, many patients are deprived of the opportunity for early and definitive diagnosis and are faced with the progression of the disease. Similar to what the astronaut who first set foot on the moon said, “One small step for me, but one giant step for humanity!” Now, let's take a look in more detail at biopsies, which are diagnostic methods that provide great benefits in its treatment, although it is a minor procedure in detecting the disease, similar to the statement:
What are biopsies?
Biopsy It is the removal of all or part of the tissue to understand and examine the disease, determine effective treatment and, when necessary, evaluate the response to treatment. Tissue samples can be taken from any part of the body. Biopsies are performed in several different ways. Some biopsies involve collecting cells or removing a small amount of tissue with a needle, while others require surgically removing an entire lump or nodule.
Percutaneous biopsies are obtained from the skin using today's advanced radiological methods. The area of abnormality is reached by inserting a needle (percutaneously). Biopsies can be performed safely with imaging guides such as ultrasound, x-ray, computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). This type of imaging is used to determine where to place the needle and perform the biopsy. US, CT, MRI, etc. The most important feature of performing a biopsy with percutaneous biopsy using methods such as biopsy is the right tissue from the right place with minimal risk. is to obtain. In procedures performed blindly, the risk of harm to the patient and the rate of obtaining the correct tissue required for correct diagnosis are lower.
What are some common uses of the procedure?
When a nodule is detected, imaging tests may be performed to determine whether it is benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (malignant). If imaging studies cannot clearly identify the abnormality, a biopsy may be necessary.
Biopsies are often used to diagnose cancer, but they can help identify other conditions, such as infections and inflammatory and autoimmune disorders.
Biopsies are performed in many parts of the body and for many reasons. Below is a list of biopsy types and brief explanations of why they may be necessary.
Almost any organ, bladder, heart, neck, prostate, parathyroid glands, etc.
How should I prepare?
Percutaneous needle biopsy is performed in an outpatient setting with minimal preparation. When you schedule your biopsy appointment, you will receive detailed instructions about preparing for the biopsy procedure.
If you are having a needle or surgical biopsy, consult your healthcare provider if you need to stop taking any medications before the procedure.
The location of the biopsy and how it is done. Depending on the situation, fasting may be required. However, fasting is not necessary for every biopsy procedure. You can sip your routine medications with water. If you are diabetic and take insulin, you should speak to your doctor as your usual insulin dose may need to be adjusted.
Before a needle biopsy, check all medications you are taking, including herbal supplements, and especially if you are allergic to anesthesia. You should inform your doctor. Your doctor may recommend that you stop taking aspirin or blood thinners for a certain period of time before your procedure. Also, inform your doctor about recent illnesses and other medical conditions. You may be asked to wear a dress during the procedure.
Be sure to inform your doctor if there is a possibility that you may be pregnant. Some procedures that use image guidance are generally not done during pregnancy because radiation can be harmful to the child.
What does the equipment look like?
There are many different biopsy procedures. The equipment used for each type of biopsy will vary depending on the type of procedure.
In a needle biopsy, a sample of tissue or fluid is removed with a needle. The needle used is a needle attached to a syringe and is thinner than the needles usually used to draw blood. This type of biopsy is most often used for thyroid nodules. Although needle biopsies are often performed with ultrasound, they can also be performed with computerized tomography (CT), fluoroscopy or MRI guidance. Ultrasound is an excellent method for some parts of the body, but ultrasound is not suitable for some areas such as air-filled lungs.
In most biopsy procedures, tru-cut needles are used that allow us to obtain more tissue. Although there are semi-automatic and fully automatic types of these needles, fully automatic tru-cut needles are mostly used in today's practice. The cutting edge that determines the quality of the needle and its adequate piece taking capacity are the main points that affect the success of the process. Appropriate imaging methods are used to reach the suspicious area in tru-cut biopsy procedures. It is very important to use a needle of sufficient quality as well as using a mini.
How is the procedure done?
The imaging method and needle to be used for biopsy vary depending on the location of the tissue to be examined. .
A biopsy can be performed with an US device in most parts of the body. However, other imaging methods (CT, MRI, Fluoroscopy, Mammography, etc.) can be used depending on the location of the tissue to be biopsied and the characteristics of the surrounding tissues. Using the imaging guide, the doctor passes the needle through the skin, advancing to the lesion. Tissue samples are then obtained using one of several methods (fine needle, tru-cut, etc.). In fine-needle aspiration, a thin needle and syringe are used to vacuum out fluid or clumps of cells. In tru-cut (piece) biopsy, the automatic mechanism is activated and by moving the needle forward, a piece of the target tissue approximately the thickness of a hair is obtained. This process is often repeated several times.
How is the procedure performed?
Image-guided, minimally invasive procedures, such as needle biopsies, are often special It is performed by a trained interventional radiologist. In needle biopsies, short-term hospitalization or outpatient treatment is usually sufficient.
A nurse or technician may give intravenous (IV) sedation or relaxation medication when necessary during the procedure. A mild sedative may also be given before the biopsy.
Local anesthesia will be injected before entering the skin with the needle.
Breast or Some biopsies, such as thyroid biopsy, can be done without sedation. The nurse or technician will give you advice regarding sedation during the procedure.
General anesthesia is usually applied in biopsy procedures performed on children.
During the procedure. Once the location of the tissue to be sampled is confirmed, the puncture site is cleaned, disinfected, and covered with a clean and sterile drape.
Using the imaging guide, the doctor will pass the needle through the skin, inserting the needle into the location of the tissue. will take you and remove tissue samples. Several samples may be required for complete analysis.
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