There are a number of physical and motor development processes that are expected for healthy children. Preschool is “critical” for psychological and social development. (Bierman, 1987). In addition, spiritual development, which can often be overlooked, is also of great importance in this process. While psychological and social development are thought to be highly interconnected, biological maturation and environmental factors are equally effective on the psychological factors in the child's development.
The main issue in the basic development process, which lasts from infancy to 6 years of age, is the child's effort to gain initiative. For this reason, the main conflict between the child and the family is generally observed as the child's "management and domination of the home". While egocentric thinking is basic in the preschool period; The child's attention and focus is on the parent. Preschool period is a period of rapid changes in the child's development. The foundations of cognitive and social skills are laid in this period. Significant improvements are also seen in the child's language skills, attention, memory and self-control areas.
Preschool period, which is considered as the "golden years" by experts, is sometimes very fun and surprising for parents, sometimes it can be like adolescence. It can be experienced as a challenging period in which conflicts that reflect reflection are frequently experienced. The intense desire for independence is observed quite frequently during this period. Observing independence by giving permission and setting limits against situations that may affect its safety are necessary for development support. When you want to hug him after a busy day, it is not easy for him to break away from his game or get out of his own world. In some cases, children may feel responsible for some things. This is due to the self-centered mindset. For example: Did my parents quarrel because of me, etc.
Children become slaves to their emotions in the preschool period and act impatiently on any subject. Although they can distinguish different emotions, they have very little control over these emotions. Postponement of desires and impulse control are not developed; If he wants something, it must be done immediately, otherwise his eyes sometimes can't really see anything. Emotions are generally common during this period. e is expressed in action, not in words. (hitting, biting, throwing). At the age of 4 and after, thanks to the developing brain activities, verbal expression and self-control skills begin to develop, and the child begins to establish a relationship and empathy between emotional outbursts and the negative events that may develop as a result of them.
AGE GROUPS AND GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS:
4 YEARS OLD:
The child's grasping power has developed. While defiance and rude style dominate this period, frequent fighting, kicking, spitting, loud crying and laughing in games are the main features of this period.
AGE 5:
Self-sufficient, social and harmonious. The child has left the moodiness period behind. With the strengthening of human relations, his appearance has changed. His language skills are quite strong. His mother is the center of the world for him. He makes long sentences and talks a lot. This is usually a period when fatigue turns into irritability and the child begins to question whether he is loved or not.
AGE 6:
Lazy and indecisive. During this period, individual games started to turn into group games. As mobility increases, oscillations between feelings of success and failure are often experienced. Responsibilities increase, attention span increases, being the best is very important for the child.
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