Having a child is one of the most extraordinary experiences in human life. Many couples would like to
have this experience. However, approximately one in every ten couples in the world cannot have children. As a result of hormone tests performed on endocrinology, it has been observed that many couples have children.
Failure to achieve pregnancy during the 12-month period of unprotected sexual intercourse is considered
as "infertility". Infertility may be permanent or temporary. According to research conducted by the World Health Organization, 50% of men and 50% of women are responsible for infertility.
Female Causes:
Closed or damaged reproductive ducts,< br /> Endometriosis (a women's disease that causes intra-abdominal bleeding),
Immunological causes,
Ovulation irregularities,
Cervical (cervical) problems,
Hormonal disorders (pituitary , thyroid, adrenal gland, ovary origin)
Causes Related to Men:
Sexual / ejaculatory dysfunction,
Immunological causes,
Congenital anomalies,
Undescended testicle
It can be classified as acquired testicular damage.
Hormonal disorders (originated from pituitary, thyroid, adrenal gland, testicle).
At this point, endocrinologists diagnose and treat hormone disorders that may cause infertility
. Endocrinology physicians; They work to solve problems such as reproductive disorders, menopausal complaints, menstrual irregularities,
polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), premenstrual syndrome and impotence (sexual impotence).
Gynecomastia (in men) breast enlargement)
Gynecomastia originates from the Greek words "gyne" (woman) and mastia (breast) and means having breasts like a woman. Gynecomastia generally; It is clinically defined as benign proliferation of male breast glandular tissue in the form of a concentric, rubbery or mass starting from the nipple,
histologically defined as more than 0.5 cm. Fat accumulation without glandular proliferation is called pseudo-gynecomastia (lipomastia) and is frequently seen in obese men
. When lipomastia is detected, further clinical investigation is usually required.
Gynecomastia can be physiological in various periods of life, but it can also develop on a pathological basis due to many different reasons. Although gynecomastia is usually bilateral, it can also be unilateral. Many studies have shown that gynecomastia is directly related to excess weight. Gynecomastia
cause and frequency respectively: 25% idiopathic, 25% prepubertal, 10-20% drugs (antiandrogens,
antibiotics, antiulcer drugs, chemotherapeutics, cardiovascular drugs, anabolic steroids,
antidepressants) , 8% cirrhosis or malnutrition, 8% hypergonadotropic hypogonadism, 3% testicular tumor, 2% HH, 2% hyperthyroidism, 1% renal diseases and 6% other causes (plants, lavender oil)
creates. The incidence of gynecomastia in people with cirrhosis is quite high, at 67%. Gynecomastia is usually seen in
newborns, adolescents and middle-aged and elderly men. Temporary gynecomastia is observed in 60-90% of newborns due to high estrogen exposure during pregnancy. The second increase is during puberty.
Gynecomastia makes its third increase in older men. The highest prevalence is 50-80 years of age. Treatment can be done with medication or surgery for the underlying
cause.
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