Cerebral palsy (CP) is a neurological problem seen in childhood and its frequency is considerable in the world and in our country. As a result of the brain damage we see in cases of cerebral palsy, we can see impairment in voluntary muscle movements and coordination. In cerebral palsy, damage occurs along with some risk factors affecting the developing brain (0-3 years), but this condition is not progressive. In addition to posture and movement disorders, epilepsy, mental retardation, hip dislocation, speech and hearing problems, learning disabilities, perception problems, oral and dental problems, and problems that affect the ability to be independent in daily living activities are observed.
Cerebral Palsy Risk Factors
Prenatal Period Factors
This is the group with the most pathologies. If we talk about the factors, genetic problems, infections experienced by the mother, harmful substances such as medication, alcohol, cigarettes and drugs, exposure to radiation, bleeding, multiple pregnancy, negative environmental conditions can be counted as 70% of the causes of cerebral palsy.
Perinatal. (Birth order) Period Factors
Reasons such as premature birth (premature birth), dystocia, low birth weight, lack of oxygen to the brain can be counted.
Postnatal (Postnatal) Period Factors
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Risks such as brain deprivation of oxygen, infections, respiratory problems, seizures, traumas, history of jaundice.
Classification of Cerebral Palsy
Cerebral Palsy disorder, damage to the brain. and are divided into various types depending on the impact of the damaged area. This effect varies according to the variability of muscle tone and the type of movement pattern formed in the body.
1. Spastic type cerebral palsy
Increased tone in the arm and leg muscles, trunk. If the tone decreases, there is a decrease. Difficult and slow movement patterns are observed in such children, and due to muscle strength imbalances, disorders in posture and walking and many joint deformations are observed.
2. Hypotonic. type sere braral palsy
In such children, a decrease in the tone of the muscles is observed, voluntary movements are reduced and accordingly, clutter reactions in the trunk, poor head control, difficulties in movement against gravity and hypermobility of the joints (above normal). increased joint space) , is a group with variable muscle tone, weaker self-correction reactions and difficulty in stabilization.
4. Ataxic type cerebral palsy
In such children, The disorder of coordination and balance prevails, and symptoms such as general instability and dysmetria are observed.
Usually, before this situation occurs, the child is hypotonic in the first years, and ataxic type cerebral palsy develops in the second year.
5. Mixed type cerebral palsy
This In type 2 cerebral palsy, it is seen with spasticity (increased muscle tone), ataxic or dyskinesia.
Cerebral Palsy Treatment
Cerebral Palsy treatment is a teamwork job. Cerebral Palsy rehabilitation is a long-term process, and the right approach and guidance to the family will make this process healthy. This team includes a child neurologist (diagnosing the child and following its development), a pediatric orthopedist (monitoring existing orthopedic problems and taking precautions for possible limitations), a child physiotherapist (creating an appropriate physiotherapy and rehabilitation program and giving the necessary guidance to the family about what they can do at home and child psychiatrist, clinical psychologist, occupational therapist, special education teacher, language and speech therapist, dentist and family are involved in providing education. Inclusion of the family within this team is a very important point. Because the communication between the child and the parents and the love and care the family will give are priorities.
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