TUBERCULOSIS (TUBERCULOSIS)

• TUBERCULOSIS (TUBERCULOSIS)

It is a disease caused by the infection of the bacillus called Mycobacterium Tuberculosis. It continues to be an important public health problem all over the world and in our country. 1/3 of people all over the world carry the tuberculosis microbe in their bodies, and in the following years, 10% will develop tuberculosis at some point in their lives. Every year, 2-2.5 million people in the world die from tuberculosis.

• HISTORY OF TUBERCULOSIS:

The history of tuberculosis is equivalent to the history of humanity. Findings of tuberculosis have been detected in the vertebrae (backbone) of Egyptian mummies dating back to 4000 BC. .
The first important step was taken with the identification of the tuberculosis bacillus by Robert Koch in 1882.
With the discovery of tuberculosis drugs in 1945, tuberculosis has now become a completely treatable disease

• TRANSMISSION IN TUBERCULOSIS (TUBERCULOSIS)

Millions of tuberculosis microbes are spread into the air when a patient with tuberculosis coughs, speaks and sneezes. These microbes die quickly outdoors and in a sunny environment. But in a closed environment, they are small. They remain suspended in the form of droplets. They are taken into the body by healthy people inhaling these droplets. As soon as they are taken into the body, they begin to reproduce in the lungs and spread through the blood to other organs such as the brain, kidneys and bones, where they can cause disease. Not every person who catches the tuberculosis microbe gets sick. If the body resistance is strong, the tuberculosis microbe disappears immediately. It is removed or neutralized by surrounding it with a capsule. When body resistance decreases, these microbes start to multiply again and cause disease. The disease of organs other than the lungs is not contagious. In addition, TB pleurisy (watery pneumonia), which affects the lung membrane, is not contagious. It does not require protective measures.

 

• OTHER IMPORTANT FACTORS IN THE TRANSMISSION OF THE DISEASE:

1. The disease does not show genetic transmission
2. The disease is not transmitted through clothing, food, forks, knives or sexual intercourse
3. The disease is transmitted through breathing.
Patients receiving treatment can detect the disease starting from the 3rd week. They do not cure

• TUBERCULOSIS (TUBERCULOSIS) SYMPTOMS

1..COUGH< br /> The most common symptom in patients with tuberculosis is a persistent cough. If a person coughs for more than 2-3 weeks, he should definitely consult a doctor.

2. FEVER AND NIGHT SWEATS:
Patients with tuberculosis may often experience fever and night sweats. This symptom is not specific to tuberculosis, but can also occur in many microbial and malignant tumors or goiter-like diseases. /strong>

Sputum and blood spitting are common in tuberculosis. However, it is also one of the important symptoms of smokers and other lung diseases such as chronic bonchitis, bronchiectasis and lung cancer.

4-SLIMMING AND LOSS OF APPETITE:
Unreasonable weight loss and loss of appetite are also It is one of the symptoms of tuberculosis. One should consult a doctor for unintentional weight loss of more than 3-4 kg in 1 month.

DIAGNOSIS OF TUBERCULOSIS (TUBERCULOSIS)


1- Examination of Sputum:

The most important method in the diagnosis of tuberculosis is to show the tuberculosis microbe in the sputum or to make a definitive diagnosis by producing the microbe in culture in 40-45 days with classical methods and in 20-25 days with new methods. Also, some With new techniques, it is possible to quickly demonstrate the presence of the microbe and its sensitivity to drugs. (Like PCR)

2- P.P.D Test:shows whether there are tuberculosis microbes in your body. It does not indicate the disease.
A piece of the harmless tuberculosis microbe is injected into the skin of your arm. After two or three days have passed, the diameter of the swelling is measured and the decision is made.

3. LUNGS >

1-It is a disease that is cured by95% with the regular and continuous use of modern tuberculosis drugs for 6 months.

2-In tuberculosis dispensaries, diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis are provided free of charge.

3-If the sputum of the sick person has tuberculosis microbes, it is contagious. has In order to protect their relatives and society, they must be hospitalized or isolated for at least 1 month by wearing a mask in a separate room.

4-The most important reason for failure in treatment is that the person is ashamed of his illness and is not healthy. For this purpose, DOTS (Direct Oral Treatment) is applied in tuberculosis dispensaries all over the world and in our country. Here, the medicine is given to the patient by a healthcare personnel on a daily basis for 6 months under the direct supervision of the provincial staff.

5-If the person smokes and drinks alcohol, he/she should quit smoking and eat regularly and adequately( Without exaggeration), resting and sleeping regularly is enough. Although there is not enough data, since it is not contagious, you can have sexual intercourse and work in light work starting from 2 months.;

6-After completion of the treatment, every 3 months for the first 2 years, After 2 years, the disease should be checked by taking a chest X-ray every 6 months for 3 years.

7-Pregnant and breastfeeding mothers can safely use their medications under the supervision of a doctor.

• PROTECTION FROM TUBERCULOSIS

1-BCG VACCINE: BCG vaccine in childhood 80% is a vaccine that provides protection.
It is administered free of charge in tuberculosis dispensaries and health centers. BCG vaccine is routinely recommended for all babies in our country who are at high risk of contracting tuberculosis (2 months after birth).
BCG vaccine does not protect against pulmonary tuberculosis in adults.
2- >Children under the age of 6 who have a family history of tuberculosis and whose P.P.D is greater than 10 mm. Adults who use cortisone or an antirheumatic drug (TNF Alpha Similar) that lowers body resistance are given 6 months of prophylaxis.
3-The patient's relatives, especially those living together in the same house, should apply to Tuberculosis Control Dispensaries. Screening of the patient's relatives is carried out free of charge in the dispensaries!

 

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