Hemorrhoids are a disease that occurs in the anal area and is also known by names such as hemorrhoids and yeast.
In the last part of the large intestine, there are hemorrhoidal cushions, a structure rich in elastic tissue and vessels, that help the defecation function.
Hemorrhoidal cushions stretching, loosening and sagging downwards due to various reasons are called hemorrhoids. It can also be called varicose veins of the anal area.
Hemorrhoids can occur in 2 ways...
EXTERNAL HEMORRHOOL: Hemorrhoids are a lump on the outside of the anus. It occurs as a prolapse. Normally, it can be seen from the outside and felt by touch.
INTERNAL HEMOROLES: It appears as a flesh protrusion in the inner part of the anus. Normally it cannot be seen or felt from the outside. However, it can be detected during examination.
What are the symptoms of hemorrhoids?
- Bleeding is the most common symptom of hemorrhoids.
- Anal palpation. Swelling is another important symptom.
- Hemorrhoids may also appear with symptoms such as discharge, itching and burning.
Especially internal hemorrhoids may not cause symptoms at first. However, if the blood clots in the vein inside the hemorrhoids, which are shaped like flesh protrusions, it may appear as a very painful, hard swelling.
More than half of the people may suffer from these symptoms at least once in their lives.
What are the causes of hemorrhoids?
Familial (hereditary) predisposition is important in the formation of hemorrhoids.
Excessive straining is the most important factor causing hemorrhoids. The pressure that increases with straining expands the hemorrhoid pads and causes them to lose their elasticity and sag over time.
Constipation, eating pulp-free foods, jobs that require standing for long periods of time, heavy work, diarrhea, low-fibre fast food type diet can cause problems. It is among the causes of hemorrhoids.
In addition to the increase in pressure during pregnancy, hemorrhoid symptoms occur due to the effect of hormones. After pregnancy, in some cases, hemorrhoids regress and symptoms disappear, while in others, hemorrhoids may become permanent.
Hemorrhoid patients suffer unnecessarily for a long time until they decide on treatment. This wasted time causes the disease to worsen and makes treatment difficult. However, most of the hemorrhoids can be treated without surgery within 5-10 minutes.
How common are hemorrhoids?
Hemorrhoids are one of the most common diseases. Approximately one in three people has a hemorrhoid problem.
It occurs equally in men and women. Since the tissues are healthy before the age of 15, hemorrhoids are not common. If it did not cause problems until the age of 65, it usually does not appear after this age.
How are hemorrhoids diagnosed?
Hemorrhoid examination is performed with a special clothing that leaves the examination area exposed. It is done in a lying position. The examination is not painful. First, the external region is examined.
Rectosigmoidoscopy and anoscopy instruments are used to look and examine the internal parts of the large intestine. The last 8-10 cm section of the large intestine is examined with an anoscopy instrument, and the last 10-20 cm section is examined with a rectosigmoidoscopy instrument. Internal hemorrhoids can only be seen during examination with these instruments. If the person wishes, they can see the condition of their disease on the screen and take images with the camera connected to these devices.
If a person has symptoms of hemorrhoids, he/she must be examined by a specialist doctor. Because these symptoms are very similar to the symptoms of colon cancer, one of the most common cancers.
What are the degrees of hemorrhoids?
On examination Grading is made according to the shape, structure and condition of the hemorrhoids.
First degree: They are normally not noticed, there is a palpable swelling with straining, and it disappears after straining. It may cause bleeding complaints.
Second degree: It comes out of the anus during toilet, and enters by itself after toilet.
Third degree: > It comes out with the toilet, then it does not go in on its own, it can be pushed in again by hand.
Fourth degree: Hemorrhoids are always outside, they cannot be pushed in.
It will be applied according to the degree of hemorrhoids. The treatment method varies.
What diseases can hemorrhoids be confused with?
The following diseases, which have similar or almost the same complaints and symptoms, can be confused with hemorrhoids.
Rectum cancer: It is the cancer of the last part of the large intestine.
Anal fissure: Anal fissure, tear
Perianal fistula: A hole at the edge of the anus that drains pus
Inflammatory diseases of the intestine: Ulcerative colitis, recti, etc.
Rectal prolapse:
strong> Complete protrusion of the anusUsing any medication just because you have hemorrhoids based on the symptoms is therefore extremely wrong and dangerous. First, it must be examined, diagnosed and then treated. Early diagnosis and early treatment of cancer and lesions that may be cancer precursors ensure a completely normal life.
How are hemorrhoids treated?
Hemorrhoid treatment is based on the degree of hemorrhoids(phase). Recommended and accepted methods according to the stage of hemorrhoids can be listed as follows.
Stage-1 (hemorrhoids, which are palpable swelling and disappear after straining): It is treated with non-surgical methods such as band ligation, sclerotherapy, infrared coagulation, radiofrequency, etc.
Stage-2 (hemorrhoids that come out during toilet and come in on their own after toilet): band ligation It is treated with non-surgical methods such as sclerotherapy, infrared coagulation, radiofrequency, etc.
Stage-3 (hemorrhoids that come out during the toilet and do not go in on their own after the toilet, and must be pushed back in manually): It is usually treated with non-surgical methods such as band ligation, sclerotherapy, infrared coagulation, radiofrequency, etc., and sometimes with surgery.
Stage-4 (hemorrhoids that are always outside and cannot be pushed in): classical method or It is treated by performing surgery under general anesthesia with the Longo method.
Can hemorrhoids be treated with medications?
In the treatment of hemorrhoids, edema (swelling)
Medicines in the form of creams, suppositories, and pills are used that have aphrodisiac, vasoconstrictor, and analgesic properties. However, such medical treatments are aimed at relieving complaints, relieving and relieving the person rather than treating the disease. It is dangerous to use cortisone creams for a very long time.It is not possible to completely heal or eliminate hemorrhoids with medical treatment.
Methods to prevent hemorrhoids. What are the hemorrhoids?
Prevention of straining: Straining, which is one of the most important causes of hemorrhoids, can be reduced by preventing constipation. To prevent constipation, you should eat fibrous foods, consume fruits and vegetables, and drink plenty of water. Hot, spicy, acidic foods and ready-made foods should be avoided. If necessary, the person should be helped to come out in a soft condition with the help of medication. Weight should not be gained.
Acquiring regular toilet habits:It is useful to go to the toilet after breakfast as much as possible. In addition, one should not strain to go to the toilet without the need to go to the toilet, one should not stay in the toilet for too long, and one should not strain for long periods of time. You should not wait for a long time when your toilet comes, and it should be emptied as soon as possible. If hemorrhoids come out after going to the toilet, they should be pushed in manually and replaced.
Taking a hot water sitz bath: Sitting in hot water regularly for 10-15 minutes a day is very beneficial and relaxing. If there is a bathtub in the bathroom, filling a basin-like container with hot water and sitting in it will be effective in reducing edema and pain, and in relieving hemorrhoids.
How is hemorrhoid surgery performed?
Classic. Hemorrhoid surgery is performed under general anesthesia (sleeping anesthesia). During the surgery, the hemorrhoid tissue is cut and removed with a scalpel and scissors. Stitches are placed on the cut areas.
How is laser hemorrhoid surgery performed?
Laser hemorrhoid surgery is performed under general anesthesia (sleeping anesthesia) . During the surgery, the hemorrhoid tissue is cut and removed with a laser light instead of a scalpel or scissors. Stitches are placed on the cut areas.
How is hemorrhoid surgery performed with Longo?
Hemorrhoid surgery with Longo method is under general anesthesia (sleeping anesthesia) >done below. During the surgery, a ring-shaped tissue is removed from the upper part of the hemorrhoids with a special tool and automatic stitching is applied. Thus, the sagging tissue is pulled up. There is almost no pain after surgery. You can return to normal life within a week.
When should hemorrhoids be treated with surgery?
Fourth degree, hemorrhoids that are always outside and cannot be pushed in. Hemorrhoids need to be treated surgically.
Are there risks of hemorrhoid surgery?
The problem of pain after surgery is quite high. Full healing takes approximately 3 weeks. There are risks, albeit slight, of anal stenosis, inability to hold feces or gas, and discharge.
Can hemorrhoids be treated without surgery?
Hemorrhoids can be treated under clinical conditions without being hospitalized. There are methods. The advantage of these treatments is that they are performed in outpatient clinic conditions, without anesthesia, without pain, and the patient can continue his daily life. There is no pain during the treatment and the patient can walk after the treatment.
What are the non-surgical hemorrhoid treatment methods?
The non-surgical methods described below will leave a scar where they are applied. They are based on the principle of fixing the loose tissue to the ground by creating healing tissue, called ) tissue.
Band ligation: A rubber band is placed at the bottom of the hemorrhoid tissue with a special tool and it is suffocated. Thus, the hemorrhoid tissue, whose circulation is impaired, falls off on its own.
Infrared coagulation: Infrared light is given to the hemorrhoid tissue with a special device. Infrared light causes coagulation and shrinkage in the hemorrhoid tissue, causing them to disappear.
Surgitron: Radiofrequency wave is applied to the hemorrhoid area with a special tool. With radiofrequency energy, hemorrhoids shrink and disappear. Bleeding and tissue damage are very minimal. It is especially used in external hemorrhoids.
Can hemorrhoids be treated with laser without surgery?
It is not possible to treat hemorrhoids with laser without surgery. Radiofrequency (surgitron) and infrared treatments are popularly known as laser treatment.
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