What is Bariatric Surgery? To whom can it be performed?
Obesity is one of the biggest health problems seen worldwide, especially in western societies. In many scientific studies, obesity has been shown to be the most important cause of many diseases that increase mortality and morbidity. The most commonly used measurement method for obesity is BMI (body mass index). It is the value obtained by dividing the weight by the square of the height.
18.5-24.9 kg/m2 Normal individuals
25-29.9 kg/m2 Overweight
30-40 kg/m2< ; Obese
40 kg/m 2< Morbid obese
However, increasing BMI may not always mean obesity. Body mass index may be high in people with a lot of muscle tissue. Expert evaluation is important to understand the source of increases in body weight. Obesity should be considered if the waist circumference is 102 cm in men and 88 cm or more in women.
The main purpose of obesity surgery is to lose weight as well as to prevent the development of diseases caused by obesity (DM, cardiovascular diseases, sleep apnea syndrome, etc.). is to hinder. Diseases, if they occur, are treated. Many factors alone or together can cause obesity. These are genetic predisposition, endocrine and metabolic diseases, social and cultural differences.
Basically, the amount of energy entering the body is more than the amount burned, causing obesity. It is estimated that approximately 1.7 billion people worldwide are overweight. In the USA, the situation is more serious. Approximately 2/3 of the population is overweight and approximately half of them are classified as obese.
Obesity surgery has been widely performed in the world in recent years. The first effective obesity surgery was performed in the United States in 1954 by Kremen and Linner (jejunaileal bypass). Surgeries are divided into 3 according to their mechanism of action.
1) Restrictive surgery (adjustable gastric banding, sleeve gastrectomy)
2) Surgeries that impair absorption (Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, mini gastric bypass)
3) Restrictive and malabsorptive combined surgeries (duodenal switch, SADI-S)
TO WHOM SHOULD SURGICAL TREATMENT BE PROVIDED?
When selecting patients suitable for surgery, We decide according to the following criteria.
Body mass index is over 40 or between 35-40 and there is an accompanying disease (hypertension, diabetes mellitus, sleep apnea, arthritis).
- Existence of obesity for at least 3 years
- Absence of hormonal diseases (Hypothyroidism, adrenal gland diseases)
- Inability to lose weight for at least 1 year despite drug and diet treatment
- Not being addicted to alcohol or drugs
- The patient must understand the method to be applied and be able to adapt after the surgery
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