In women, the ovary is an important organ that produces estrogen and progesterone hormones. They are located in the lower abdomen on either side of the uterus. Sometimes a fluid-filled sac called a cyst may develop on the ovaries. Many women develop at least one cyst in their lifetime. In most cases, cysts are painless and cause no symptoms. Ovarian cysts generally do not cause dysfunction. For this reason, it often forms and disappears unnoticed.
What are the causes of ovarian cysts?
The most common cause of ovarian cysts; are hormonal irregularities. Normally, during each menstrual period, a cyst called a follicle, which carries the egg cell and can reach 3 cm in size, forms in the ovaries. Then this cyst cracks and the egg is released. If the egg is not fertilized, it is excreted as menstruation after 14 days. However, if the woman has hormonal irregularities, the egg-bearing cysts do not crack and continue to grow, forming follicle cysts. The most common type of ovarian cyst in young people is the follicular cyst. They generally do not cause symptoms, but they may cause menstrual delay. Their size is generally 2-3 centimeters and does not require treatment. They do not create any complications. Sometimes birth control pills can be used to shrink the cyst.
What are the symptoms of ovarian cysts?
Ovarian cysts often do not cause any complaints. It is usually detected during routine checks. Pain is rare. Rarely, if the cysts rotate around themselves (torsion) or burst (rupture), severe pain may occur. Menstrual irregularity, abdominal bloating and pain, digestive system disorders and urinary tract complaints may also occur.
Types of ovarian cysts:
- Inclusion cyst (non-functional cyst)
- Follicle cyst
- Corpus luteum cyst (cyst formed after ovulation)
- Theca-lutein cyst (cyst due to excessive hormone secretion)
- Gestational luteoma
- Dermoid cysts (cysts consisting of hair, fat and other tissues)
- Endometriomas (chocolate cyst)
Are ovarian cysts malignant? Could they be the reason for not being able to have children?
80-85% of ovarian cysts are benign and are usually seen in women between the ages of 20-44. If the causes of formation are hormonal irregularities Insufficient amounts can cause infertility.
How are ovarian cysts diagnosed?
Examination and ultrasound are sufficient for the diagnosis of ovarian cyst. In case of suspicion of cancer or for differential diagnosis, advanced radiological examinations are requested.
What are the treatment methods for ovarian cysts?
Treatment varies depending on the type of ovarian cyst. Simple cysts are usually monitored and birth control pills are used to shrink them. Antibiotic treatment is applied to inflammatory cysts. Cysts that exceed 8-10 cm or are constantly growing and are likely to be malignant according to ultrasound and blood tests are removed by surgery.
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