Heart attack is a blockage in the coronary arteries that feed the heart. In most cases, this blockage occurs when a clot forms on the narrowing of the vessels called atherosclerosis. It may occur with contractions called spasms in lesser vessels. These drugs and narcotic substances can trigger it.
Heart attack still continues to be a common disease in men. Today, heart attack rates in women are still half as low as in men; However, there has been a serious decreasing trend in death rates in men in recent years. There is no decrease in women, but an increase is observed due to increased smoking and diabetes rates. While the rate of women dying from heart attack in Turkey is 384 per hundred thousand, this number is below 200 in developed countries.
During a crisis, the heart muscle becomes unable to perform its necessary functions due to not receiving enough oxygen. As time increases, the heart muscle begins to lose function irreversibly. The biggest reason why a patient dies during a heart attack is the disruption of the rhythm of the heart, which cannot receive enough energy. As this rhythm disorder begins to prevent the heart from providing adequate blood circulation, the patient first feels extreme fatigue and weakness. If the situation does not improve, the patient loses consciousness. If the deterioration in heart functions progresses too much, the patient may present with heart pump failure or infarction complications.
No matter what the reason is, the sooner it is reopened after the blockage, the less damage will occur to the heart. Therefore, the sooner people recognize a heart attack and apply to the hospital, the less damage it will cause. Patients should be admitted to the hospital with vascular-opening, clot-dissolving therapy, angiographic diagnosis, and interventional balloon and stenting methods, depending on the clinical condition and time of admission.
The most obvious symptom of a heart attack is chest pain. Although chest pain may feel like pressure in the middle of the chest, it can also be felt in the back, shoulder, neck and abdomen. Pain may not be present in people with some neurological problems, especially diabetic patients. These patients may experience chest pain equivalents such as shortness of breath, feeling of distress, nausea, vomiting, and sweating. The main symptoms after pain are shortness of breath, palpitations, distress, cold sweats, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, dizziness and fainting.
When it is thought that a heart attack has occurred, the first thing the patient should do is to be placed in a safe position. If he is driving, the car must be pulled over immediately. They must ensure that they do not lose control and harm themselves or those around them. The patient should be seated. Then, it is important to inform the people around you who can help you. You can also ask for help by calling the 112 emergency line. If you have aspirin at home, one should be chewed. If you feel irregular, accelerated or excessively slow heartbeats, you can try to regulate or normalize your heartbeats by coughing. Deaths from heart attacks were reduced by 23% by chewing aspirin during an attack. Although taking sublingually during a heart attack does not prevent a heart attack, it does increase blood flow. Whenever there is a suspicion of heart attack, the patient must be taken to the hospital; The fact that heart attack symptoms are very mild does not change the seriousness of the crisis.
The poor outcomes of a heart attack are related to the amount of tissue lost. The less damage there is, the fewer problems will occur. While a serious crisis can lead to failure and death, repeated limited crises may not affect the patient's life. Therefore, it is vital that treatments aimed at reducing damage are applied to patients and implemented as soon as possible.
After a heart attack, following preventive methods should be continued throughout life. It is important to regulate preventable risk factors of the disease. It is vital to combat and control the most important risk factors such as diabetes, hypertension, smoking, high cholesterol and inactivity. In addition, regular check-ups and regular use of medications directly affect the quality and duration of life after a heart attack.
There is no limit to the number of times a person can have a heart attack. This is related to the total loss of heart functions of the patient. If the blocked vessel can be opened within the first hour, there may be no damage to the patient's heart. The longer it is delayed to restore blood flow, the more damage the heart suffers. It will. As the damage rate increases, the patient's death rate due to heart failure increases. The main cause of death in heart attack is heart rhythm problems.
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