A person's personality development is a process that starts from the moment he is conceived and continues until the end of his life. All of the unique psychological and social behaviors of individuals reflect the personality of that individual. According to Freud, there are three basic components that make up personality (id-ego-superego). ID; While the superego represents the primitive aspect and impulses of the personality; It represents the social moral structure. The ego provides a balance between these two different elements. Personality development continues to develop with different characteristics at different times of life. Freud divided these stages into oral period (0-1 years), anal period (1-3 years), phallic period (3-6 years), latent (latent period, 6-11 years) and genital period (11 years and later). He examined it in 5 different ways.
1) Oral Period
The child in the oral stage is intertwined with the mother. He perceives the mother as a part of himself. While waiting for the mother's physical needs such as hunger and thirst to be met; They also expect their needs for love and attention to be met. The baby's satiation point during this period is the mouth. A mother's insufficient care or excessive attention to her child during the oral stage causes the baby to experience an obsession with this period in his future life. Some problems such as smoking, nail biting or gluttony may be seen in people who are obsessed with the oral period.
2) Anal Period
By teaching the moral structure of the child by the mother and father, the superego This is the phase where it begins to develop. The child receives toilet training at this stage. The child's pleasure and satisfaction point is the anus. The child begins to take pleasure in learning whether or not to use the toilet by his own decision. Individuals who are obsessed with this period may experience problems such as excessive orderliness and dependent personality structure in the future.
3) Phallic Period
It is the stage when childhood begins to perceive sexual differences. The child's interest in his own sexual organs and those of members of the opposite sex increases. During this period, the Oedipus complex comes into play. In the Oedipus complex, girls who have reached the phallic stage become more attracted to their fathers, and boys to their mothers. That's why unconscious Generally, boys see their fathers and girls see their mothers as a rival.
4) Latent Period
It is the phase in which children's cognitive development accelerates. The child, who is interested in the opposite sex during the phallic period, directs this interest to his own gender when he reaches the latent period and is busy creating a circle of friends for himself.
5) Genital Period
The child's adolescence period It is the phase in which some fluctuations occur due to the approach. The difficulties and obstacles encountered during this period, if not resolved, can lead to major problems and personality disorders in future life.
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