Hernia, popularly known as a hernia, is formed by the penetration of internal organs into the cavities existing in the muscles and tissues. Potentially dangerous hernias show different symptoms depending on the place of formation and reduce the quality of life of the person.
What is a Hernia?
Hernia is mostly caused by lifting heavy loads, working in occupational groups that require physical force, standing for long periods of time. It is caused by reasons such as staying put, chronic coughing, straining, rapid weight changes and pregnancy. Simple measures such as treating diseases before they become chronic can reduce the risk of hernia formation. Although hernia is the first thing that comes to mind when hernia is mentioned, there are many different types of hernia according to the place of formation.
What are the Types of Hernia?
The most common types of hernia:
- Inguinal (inguinal) hernia,
- Femoral hernia,
- Umbilical (umbilical) hernia,
- Incisional hernia,
- Epigastric hernia,
- The leakage of a part of the stomach into the esophagus (hiatal hernia),
- Spine hernias (lumbar, neck hernias, etc.).
How to Recognize Hernia?
Hernias in the abdomen and inguinal region give symptoms as painful or painless swellings. In painful hernias, a part of the internal organs, mostly the small intestine, has entered the hernia area. In some patients, the small intestine part may enter and exit the hernia area or it can be pushed into the abdomen by hand.
Hernia pain develops due to the strangulation of the intestinal part in the hernia area. This condition requires immediate surgical intervention. If it is not done, that part of the intestine cannot get enough blood and necrosis.
Hernias on the spine are invisible to the eye. Neck and lumbar hernias are most common. These patients usually apply to the physician with complaints of pain, limitation of movement and stiffness. The location, grade and number of the hernia is determined by radiological imaging methods and it is decided that it will benefit from physical therapy or surgery.
What is an Inguinal Hernia?
Defined as an inguinal hernia in medicine. Inguinal hernia is about 3 times more common in men than women.
This type of hernia, which can occur at almost any age, including newborns, causes pain in the waist, abdomen, groin and testicles. While the treatment of hernia types in newborns and children is performed by pediatric surgeons, adults are operated by general surgeons. Inguinal hernia, which is one of the most frequently performed operations in pediatric surgery, can be completely healed after hernia surgery. In this type of hernia, which manifests itself with swelling in the inguinal region, the swelling becomes evident when the person stands up or coughs and disappears when the person is pushed inwards by hand or when the person lies down. known as the internal ring. This region has a much weaker structure than the abdominal wall. Therefore, causes such as excessive straining, heavy lifting, constant coughing and prostate enlargement can cause a type of inguinal hernia, also known as an indirect hernia. causes an appearance. A direct inguinal hernia occurs on the inside of the internal ring. Direct inguinal hernia, which occurs due to similar reasons with indirect hernia, occurs in the space formed in the abdomen due to the descending testicle in boys. According to the size of the area, the intestine may enter this space and herniate. In some cases, even though the area is too narrow for the intestines to enter, a hernia may occur due to fluid accumulation in this area. is the region of the cordon. Umbilical hernia, which is seen in the case of weak muscles in the area where the belly button is located, can occur at almost any age. it might. Umbilical hernia may also occur in childhood due to the inability to cover the navel by the muscles or forcing this area.
The incidence of umbilical hernia in adults is 8%. Umbilical hernia, which is more common in men with prostate enlargement and in women who have given birth, is also seen in people who are overweight, lose weight quickly, do heavy sports, and work by carrying heavy loads. The presence of chronic cough also plays a role in the formation of umbilical hernia. The only way to treat umbilical hernia is surgical intervention. It is much easier to treat an umbilical hernia, which cannot be healed spontaneously, in the early period.
What is Lumbar Hernia?
Herniated disc, known in the medical language as lumbar disc hernia, is one of the disorders that greatly reduces the quality of life of the person. There are 5 vertebrae in the lumbar or lumbar region. Between these vertebrae are discs that give the person flexibility. The discs, which act as cushions between the vertebrae, not only facilitate spinal movements, but also allow the body weight to be evenly distributed on the spine. About 4 to 6 mm. thick discs have a gel-like structure. Herniated disc, which mostly occurs between the last two vertebrae in the lumbar region; It causes symptoms such as low back pain, pain in the feet and legs, numbness, weakness and difficulty in walking. In lumbar hernia, which can be diagnosed by clinical examination after listening to the story, the physician may request magnetic resonance (MR) imaging to clarify the diagnosis when deemed necessary.
Luminous hernia The primary aim of the treatment is to relieve the patient's pain and return him/her to his/her daily normal life. The first thing to do is to educate patients along with bed rest and drug treatments. The physician should tell the patient about the causes of pain and what he should do to prevent the disease from recurring. Epidural injections or blocks are used to relieve patients' pain but It is another method used with These are provided by corticosteroid injections into the space around the spinal nerves.
If conditions such as loss of strength and sensation in the legs and feet occur or if the complaints of the patients cannot be resolved with conservative treatment methods, the nerve is relieved by surgically evacuating the herniated disc material. In addition to open surgery in lumbar disc surgery, microscopic or endoscopic surgical methods can be applied according to the clinic and radiological findings. Another treatment method applied in our clinic is disc prosthesis application. The use of disc prostheses in suitable patients makes it possible to relieve pain by preserving the movements of the spine. With the preservation of movement, degenerative problems that may occur in the future are also prevented.
What is Hernia Burst? Does a ruptured hernia heal? We can briefly describe it as the protrusion of the discs in the spine beyond the membrane that keeps the spines in alignment. This large hernia puts pressure on the surrounding nerve roots.
The decision is made according to the patient after the radiological evaluation of these large hernias. There is no rule that says surgery is necessarily performed. Some patients can be relieved by the joint treatment arrangement of the Physical Therapy and Neurosurgery departments. What is Neck Hernia?
There are discs with a gel-like structure between the vertebrae in the neck region. The discs, which allow neck movements to be made, lose their normal position due to tearing, injury or wear. As a result of the sliding of a part of the disc between the vertebrae, the nerves passing through the region are compressed.
In the presence of neck hernia, also known as cervical disc herniation, the person feels pain and ache in his arms. Loss of sensation and weakness in the arms are also common symptoms in the presence of neck hernia. For the diagnosis of neck hernia, which may cause weakness in the legs in some rare cases, a physical examination is performed after taking the patient's detailed history. Then, the position and formation of the hernia is displayed by radiological imaging.
Mostly, physical therapy applications and drug use Neck hernia, which can be treated with the help of memory, is treated with surgery in severe cases. After the operation performed with the discectomy method, the patient can be sent home within 24 hours.
What is an Incisional Hernia?
Incisional hernia, also known as a surgical hernia, is called an incisional hernia in medical language. is defined. Surgery is the only treatment for this type of hernia that develops in the suture area after open or closed operations. It is formed by the penetration of internal organs into this weakened area after operations that cause cutting of the skin, underlying tissues and muscles. Incision site hernia can also be performed openly or laparoscopically, depending on the size of hernia formation.
How is Hernia Treatment Performed?
Surgery is the only treatment method for hernias that cause an anatomical problem. Repairs are made by open and closed (laparoscopic) hernia surgery. In large hernias, if the patient's tissue is not sufficient to close the hernia area, a mesh can be placed. After laparoscopic hernia repair, the patient is discharged the next day.
Which Departments Perform Hernia Surgery?
Hernias in infants and children are operated by pediatric surgery department physicians. is done. General surgeons operate abdominal and inguinal hernias in adults, and neurosurgeons operate spinal hernias.
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