A solution prepared with the microbe of that disease, given to the body to provide immunity against certain diseases, is called a vaccine.
Vaccine is a vaccine that gives the body specific substances (such as dead microbes, live microbes, germ antigens) to protect the person against certain diseases. It is the process of developing a state of resistance.
The process of microbes entering the body and multiplying is called "infection", and substances that are foreign to the body and cause an adverse reaction in the body are called "antigen".
Defense substances that oppose foreign substances in the body are called "antigen". It is called "antibody". The substances of microbes, especially their walls, are good antigens for the body.
In many infectious diseases, after experiencing the disease, the person develops a state of resistance, that is, immunity, against those diseases. Therefore, it is possible to immunize people against these diseases with artificial measures.
This immunization; This is done either by giving harmless, inactivated antigens to the human body in appropriate ways, or by taking and giving away (via their serum) the antibodies made by another body (human, horse, cattle) against that microbe. The first of these processes is called active immunization, and the second is called passive immunization.
Active immunity:
Antigen is given. The body prepares defense substances, that is, antibodies, against the antigen with its own efforts.
Passive immunity:
Antibodies (serum with gamma globulin) produced against that microbe in another organism are given. Its effect begins very quickly, but lasts for a very short time, such as a few weeks. In active immunization (by vaccination), the duration of immunity is measured in years.
Harmful substances released by bacteria, in other words bacterial poisons, are called toxins (exotoxins). By neutralizing the toxins, vaccines have also been made against the toxins of bacteria. The most prominent of these are diphtheria and tetanus vaccines (toxoid).
It is possible to categorize microbes in four main groups. These are: Bacteria, fungi, viruses and parasites. Except for viruses, all of these microorganisms show living characteristics. They have the ability to survive and reproduce on their own. Viruses start on their own. They are beings that have no living characteristics and can only enter cells and reproduce in them. The virus makes the cell in which it lives as a parasite produce the necessary substances.
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