The skin problem that occurs on the thin parts of the skin due to reasons such as excessive pressure, friction, heavy load, wrong shoe selection is called callus. The epidermis, which is the upper tissue of the skin that is exposed to excessive external influences and pressure, creates a protection shield for itself and a callus forms on the skin. Since advanced cases of callus can be painful, it may be necessary to consult a physician for treatment.
The formation of callus can be compared to the bark structure of trees. In fact, as the wet area on the tree trunk is exposed to external influences, it develops a protection mechanism and turns itself into a harder and darker shape. This layer, called the cork layer, is very similar to calluses on the human body. The skin consists of 2 layers: dermis and epidermis. Dermis is the lower skin layer and contains blood vessels, nerve network, hair follicles and fat deposits. Epidermis is the upper skin layer in contact with the external surface. Pressure, hot and cold, and pain receptors are located here and respond to the first impact from the external environment. For this reason, the epidermis layer is exposed to the physical factors in the environment and takes on the task of being resistant. When these external factors are excessive, callus may sometimes develop. Callus formation is more common in certain parts of the body, and unless these factors are controlled, callus may develop increasingly. Various treatment procedures are applied by specialist physicians depending on the development and degree of callus.
What is Callus?
Callus is the yellow and skin tissue produced by the skin to protect the lower skin layer. It is called the dry keratinized part that is darker than the tone. Keratin is a type of protein, and as the callus progresses, it causes the living cells in the lower skin to be unable to breathe and die, and after a while, the callus may cause painful and inflammatory results. It is a skin problem frequently seen in society. Calluses, which are a hard tissue, are generally uncomfortable for patients because they are in the most used body parts.
Cans are seen on the heel, joint areas, the 4th toe of the foot and the little finger, between the fingers, and in the palm of the hand, as there is a lot of contact and friction. frequency increases. The rate of callus formation is especially high on the feet. Calluses may form on the feet, both because they carry the entire weight of the body and because they remain closed in shoes during the day. N The factors that most cause the formation of ringworm can be listed as follows:
- Choosing wrong or narrow shoes
- Choosing a heel of more than 6 cm
- Wearing shoes without socks
- Continuous walking barefoot
- Some sports activities
- Bony foot structure
- Non-orthopedic shoe choices
- Obesity
- Sedentary lifestyle
- Doing the same job repeatedly
- Staying in a fixed position due to paralysis
- Your fingers are exposed to trauma while playing instruments such as guitar.
- Bone protrusions on the hands and feet
- Accessories that constantly touch the same place
Although the causes vary depending on lifestyle and work, too much friction and in cases of contact, callus formation is observed. Some cases of callus may acquire a pointed structure because they have a horn-like protrusion. It can acquire a yellow and hard structure in place without spreading. Untreated calluses may cause pain and stinging where they are located. Especially in areas that are constantly closed, such as the feet, calluses indicate the problem of stinging without regression.
Callus Treatment with Radiofrequency
How to Get Rid of Calluses?
The hardened skin layer is painful and uncomfortable, At the same time, it may develop in a way that may cause a bad appearance. The rhythmic friction and pressure effect on callus formation may cause an aesthetic defect in the area after a long time. This complaint is frequently among the reasons why patients apply for callus treatment. Because patients whose hands are prominent say that calluses cause a bad appearance when working with their hands. For this reason, before consulting a physician, it is possible to apply a few practical care methods and interventions to the callus that gradually begins to appear. First of all, if it does not seem possible to rest the area where the callus occurs and not use it for a while, you can take regular care of the callus. There are cures that you can apply in cases of advanced callus and if the area is not painful or inflamed. You can prepare it with natural ingredients at home, apply these cures to the calloused area, wait for a while, and then clean off the softened dead skin. After these applications, how Dead tissue is replaced by live and healthy cells in the lower skin layer. You can notice the change with the color change and softened texture.
You can control calluses before they progress, thanks to the methods you can do at home. However, before this, you can take some precautions to prevent your skin from creating a protection mechanism. For example, the most common mistake that causes calluses to form on the feet is choosing the wrong shoe. By choosing the right shoes and regular care for your feet, you can say goodbye to calluses that are unbearable and will never go away. In addition, keeping the hardened skin layer clean will prevent the area from becoming inflamed.
Calls Treatment
In addition to the easy and practical care methods that you can apply for calluses yourself, treatment and consultation with a physician for progressive cases of calluses. recommended. Because as dead skin accumulates on the upper skin, it can prevent living cells in the lower skin from breathing and staying healthy. Callus development may be inevitable in these areas that are constantly exposed to trauma and cannot be given a break to rest. You should not confuse calluses with warts in areas that you constantly care for and take care not to keep dry. Calluses and warts can sometimes be quite similar in structure. It is definitely not recommended to treat warts that resemble calluses incorrectly. Since this difference can be understood by examination by specialist physicians, it is important to consult in order not to cause further damage in the area.
As physicians scrape the area in case of suspicion of callus, the keratin layer formed by the dead skin is revealed. There is no flow of fluid or inflammation until it reaches healthy skin. However, when examining warts, bleeding and inflammation are observed as the area is scraped. In this way, there are differences in the examination of calluses and warts and their treatments are also different. In terms of appearance, calluses can grow single or multiple, 1-2 cm wide, with a horn-like appearance. When this similarity is not understood by patients, incorrect intervention may cause more pain and inflammation.
You can first perform some treatments yourself for body areas where color change and hardened skin layer are observed. If the area is stratified and If you see a very hardened, painful callus formation, it is recommended to consult a physician immediately in order to avoid increasing inflammation and damage.
You should soften the calloused area with cures applied with materials suitable for the skin and tested products and let it rest for a while. You can thoroughly clean the softened and peeling callus area with heel stones. Thanks to special creams produced only for calluses, the area is peeled and cleaned. These creams are applied for 7-10 days to soften the skin. You can also perform these applications for soft callus types that have not yet progressed well, with good research and consultation. However, different methods are recommended for hard calluses.
How to Treat Calluses?
Calls are of 3 types according to their place of formation and shape: hard, soft and seed callus. In differential diagnosis, these calluses are of different types and their formation areas are the biggest distinguishing points. Hard calluses, which are generally seen on the soles of the feet, are the types that have remained in the area for a long time, have deep roots and are painful. It has a wide distribution area. Soft calluses appear as red, less painful or painless, between the fingers and in areas exposed to long-term trauma. They are smaller in size than hard calluses, and since they are newly formed, they do not have deep roots. With proper care and application, it can be controlled before it progresses and turns into a hard callus. The seed callus type is most commonly observed on the side and back parts of the heel. Pain is not felt unless you apply hard pressure here.
Although soft calluses have not yet gained a hard and deep-rooted structure, cures can be applied with acidic natural products such as lemon and white vinegar, since they are dead skin. However, you should carefully apply these natural cures only to the calloused area, as acidic products may damage the living skin layer. For hard and deep-rooted calluses, you can use callus tape under the consultation of specialist physicians. Callus tapes should be used with the advice of a physician. Because the salicylic acid it contains has the feature of melting the dead layer, removing inflammation and scraping calluses. It is left in the area for 3-4 days, then the dead layer is scraped and removed. It is important to use these products, which have a dense formula, carefully and in accordance with the instructions. While removing it, it is covered with dead callous layer. It must be removed. The calloused dead skin is separated from the body while adhering to the band. It does not cause any pain, but if you experience pain shortly after applying the tape, you can remove the tape by holding the edges in a shorter time. If the callus layer is not completely cleaned, antiseptics can be used against the possibility of causing inflammation as the dead layer will remain in place. Again, you must consult a specialist physician to use such additional drugs.
Callus Treatment Methods
How to Get Rid of Calluses on the Foot?
The depth of the calluses seen on the feet and the frequency of complaints of the patients. These are very common cases. In cryotherapy treatment, calluses are frozen by cooling nitrogen gas to very low temperatures. The area frozen to -190 degrees is scraped by the physician and the area is cleared of calluses.
The cautery burning process is similar to the freezing process. The dead layer burned under the supervision of a physician may cause a slight burning sensation during application. The burned dead epidermis layer is scraped and it is recommended not to apply pressure to the area for 1-2 hours after the procedure. After a short time, the intervention is completed by gaining a cleansed skin.
Renewed skin tissue is seen in a short time with the help of heat and electrical energy in radiofrequency treatment.
Surgical method is the most suitable method to be performed in advanced cases of callus. Surgical intervention can be performed in cases where the skin is too deep-rooted, the color change has become visible, and the dead skin has become multi-layered. After the operation is completed in a few minutes by anesthetizing the area with local anesthesia, you can be discharged under the supervision of a physician after resting the operating area for 1-2 hours. Following the doctor's recommendations after the procedure shortens the healing process and prevents inflammation of the area.
How to Get Rid of Calluses on the Toes?
The biggest reason for the formation of calluses on the toes is the bony foot structure and the choice of shoes that are not suitable for it. . The recommended thing to do before callus formation is to choose shoes suitable for the foot structure. Heels higher than 6 cm are not recommended by physicians as they will not be suitable for foot anatomy. If you frequently wear high heels, you can rest your feet with sports shoes or orthopedic shoes 1-2 days a week.
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