Usual Follow-Ups for Women Who Have No Complaints:
The first recommendation regarding gynecological diseases: "If any complaint occurs, a gynecologist should be consulted without delay" In almost all gynecological diseases. Delays will make treatment difficult.
All women should have a gynecological examination and smear test at least every 3 years, even if they have no complaints. Smear has a very important place in the diagnosis of cervical diseases. It is especially important in the early diagnosis of cervical cancer. If smear and HPV tests can be performed together, a checkup every 5 years is sufficient.
Mammography and breast ultrasound are recommended at appropriate intervals after the age of 50 or after menopause. Breast cancer is the most endangering women's health. and unfortunately it is a very common disease. In addition, all women should learn to self-examine once a month after a warm or hot shower on the days after menstruation.
Apart from these, as will be stated again below, necessary examinations should be performed for osteoporosis at appropriate intervals during menopause.
Discharge
It is natural for every woman to have some noticeable vaginal discharge other than her menstrual period. This discharge is colorless and usually odorless. However, if there are complaints of pain, redness, burning and itching that may accompany changes in the amount and color of the discharge (it may be white-yellow-greenish), it may indicate vaginal infections or some diseases that may occur in the cervix. Women who complain of discharge and whose examination is suspected of having a vaginal infection should take a smear or vaginal smear. By taking cultures, micro-organisms that may cause infection are determined and appropriate treatment is given. Delays in treatment can make healing difficult and even cause inflammation of the uterus and ovaries.
Inflammation of the uterus and ovaries
It is seen in women who have sexual life. Common lower abdominal pain and increased sensitivity, increased foul-smelling vaginal discharge, pain with intercourse, in advanced cases, fever, chills and nausea and vomiting are the main symptoms. Intrauterine device (spiral) increases the risk. If left untreated, severe lower abdominal pain, high altitude partner may cause infertility due to abscess formation and adhesions that may occur in the tubes. Delays in treatment may also make recovery difficult.
MENCAL IRREGULARITY AND PROBLEMS:
Regular Menstruation:
An average menstrual cycle is 28 -30 days from the beginning of one menstrual period to the beginning of the next menstrual period. This period can be shortened to 21 days or extended to 35 days. In the middle days of menstruation, there may be a small amount of bleeding (ovulation bleeding) that lasts for half a day. Apart from this, extra-menstrual bleeding is not normal.
Painful Menstruation (Dysmenorrhea)
It may start from the first menstrual period or later and continue with each menstrual period. Painful menstruation that occurs later can be caused by some diseases. Endometriosis occurs when the uterine lining settles into other organs outside the uterus and is the most common cause. Apart from this, inflammatory conditions and uterine tumors are some other causes. Smoking, alcohol and obesity increase the risk. Abdominal and lower back pain, which may spread to the legs, nausea-vomiting, diarrhea, weakness and headache may occur. Treatment is arranged according to the diagnosis. Appropriate painkillers are the first option, but they should be started 1 day before the menstrual period in order to show their full effects. Birth control pills, exercise, vitamin supplements, hot showers and hot applications to the abdominal area may be recommended. In some rare cases, surgical techniques may also be tried.
Premenstrual Tension (Premenstrual Syndrome)
Many women experience irritability, tension, and unhappiness before and during their menstrual period. , feeling of weakness and fatigue; Sometimes various digestive system problems (abdominal bloating, nausea-vomiting, constipation); widespread bloating and weight gain; experience problems such as acne formation on the skin. To prevent this situation, the patient must have a detailed conversation with his physician and explain his complaints. Because the most important complaint may be different for each woman.
In addition to medication treatment, regular exercise; A diet rich in fibrous foods, low in salt, sugar and caffeine, and regular sleep are recommended.
Menstrual Delay:
Menstrual delay is often recommended. Other conditions may be due to temporary reasons; no examination or examination is required, provided that they are not repetitive. The most common reason is pregnancy. Apart from this, hormone disorders, especially thyroid diseases, may cause menstrual delays. In some cases, some cysts or cysts, especially those related to the ovaries. Tumors may cause menstrual delay.
Amenorrhoea:
Not having any menstrual period during the three months. Pregnancy, ovulation irregularity, eating disorders ( Eating too little or too much (anorexia or bulimia), too much exercise, thyroid gland diseases and obesity can be shown as causes. Once the cause is determined, menstrual regularity is restored with appropriate treatments. Otherwise, the risk of uterine cancer increases.
Excessive Menstruation:
Excessive menstruation: It can be defined as exceeding seven days or increasing the use of daily pads during the menstrual period. Due to severe bleeding, anemia and resulting weakness and inability to perform daily activities may occur. It may be due to hormonal imbalances, uterine tumors, structures called polyps inside the uterus or in its mouth, abnormal pregnancies, intrauterine device, liver, kidney or thyroid diseases. After a definitive diagnosis is made by examination, laboratory, ultrasonography and taking a piece of the uterus (biopsy), appropriate treatment is made. is implemented.
The important thing is that medication should not be started without making a correct diagnosis. Since hormonal medications are very strong, they reduce the complaint in a short time, but there may be a temporary improvement with the pressure of this medication.In some cases, they can hide an underlying disease!
Frequent menstruation:
Menstrual period falling below 21 days. Mostly due to hormonal reasons. With appropriate medications. It is easily corrected.
Infrequent menstruation:
Menstrual period exceeding 35 days. Again, it mostly occurs due to hormonal reasons. It is easily corrected with appropriate medications. .
Breakthrough bleeding: Abnormal bleeding between two menstrual periods. It may be caused by different reasons, whether trivial or important. Repeated breakthrough bleeding The causes of menopause are investigated and appropriate treatment is recommended after correct diagnosis.
Post-menopausal bleeding:
Menopause Post-operative bleeding is the most important because it can be a sign of uterine cancer. In this case, first of all, a piece of the uterus should be taken (biopsy), an accurate diagnosis should be made, and treatment should be planned based on the diagnosis.
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Uterine and Ovarian masses< br /> Myomas are the most common tumor formations of the uterus and more than 99% are benign. It may cause complaints such as abnormal bleeding, groin-abdominal pain, frequent urination due to pressure on the bladder, constipation due to pressure on the intestines, sometimes diarrhea and abdominal bloating, and painful sexual intercourse. Medical or surgical treatment options are evaluated according to its size, the complaints it causes, as well as the patient's age and desire for a child. For ovarian tumors, follow-up or surgical treatment is recommended by evaluating together with examination, ultrasound findings and special blood tests (tumor markers).
Cervical Problems:
They can have a wide variety of diseases, from simple inflammations to cervical cancer. The best recommendation is to consult a gynecologist without delay in case of a complaint, and if there is no complaint, to have a smear (swab test) done once every 3 years.
Screening of the cervix with a smear test is all It is done to women. Depending on the test results, further examinations (colposcopy and biopsy if necessary) are performed in our clinic.
Genital Organ Warts
Painless and hard warts on the genitals or around the anus are caused by a disease called HPV. It is caused by a virus and is a sexually transmitted disease. It can be treated with creams applied to warts. Or cryotherapy can be applied. In some cases, the same virus can also cause cervical problems. For this reason, cervical examination and HPV test should be performed simultaneously.
Urinary Tract Complaints
Complaints such as frequent urination, inability to reach the toilet and incontinence, burning sensation while urinating and intermittent urination should be evaluated with appropriate examination and examination and treated after a correct diagnosis is made.
Bone resorption (Osteoporosis)
One of the most important enemies of women's health and quality of life after menopause is osteoporosis. It is certain that osteoporosis or its decrease is detected. should be taken and appropriate measures should be taken. Osteoporosis is an insidious disease and may not cause any complaints until it reaches serious levels. In advanced cases and when complaints begin, unfortunately, it often becomes incurable.
Pre-Pregnancy Examinations of Women Planning Pregnancy
strong>Today's medical technologies and modern applications can make the pregnancy more comfortable and healthier for the mother and baby with a simple pre-pregnancy examination and some tests. The most logical thing is for couples who want a baby to consult an obstetrician-gynecologist 3-4 months before the desired pregnancy begins.
Pregnancy Protection:
What are unwanted pregnancies? Unfortunately, it is an important problem that is still very common in our country.
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