The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, which was declared a global epidemic by the World Health Organization on March 11, 2020, has caused many people around the world to be isolated for treatment and/or monitoring to prevent the spread of infection. However, isolation leads to activity restriction, which can lead to physical and psychological decline. It also increases the risk of depression and anxiety in patients in isolation.
LOSS OF MUSCLE STRENGTH AN INVITATION TO CHRONIC DISEASES: The main result of quarantine is that it reduces physical activity levels. Spending a long time at home causes an increase in sedentary behavior and a decrease in energy expenditure, as well as the formation and/or progression of chronic diseases and loss of muscle strength and mass. Muscle atrophy, weakness, decreased physical capacity, chronic fatigue, obesity, increased insulin resistance, decreased quality of life. Decreased physical activity, along with the implementation of strict isolation strategies to prevent the negative spread of physical inactivity, impairs the quality of life by causing an increase in diabetes-related symptoms and can lead to psychosocial problems. It is estimated that physical inactivity alone causes 7% of the burden of type 2 diabetes.
BODY WEIGHT:: The quarantine measures implemented and not going out and staying at home have led to the restriction of people's physical activities. Quarantine causes a person to stay away from his daily routine, causing both a change in his mental health and a more sedentary life. Increasing time spent at home, constantly listening to and watching pandemic news, increasing concerns, increasing desire to consume food (especially carbohydrate foods) depending on mood, and decreasing physical activity can lead to undesirable increases in body weight and even obesity.
OBESITY. Obesity is one of the risk factors that increases disease severity and hospitalization during Covid19. Moderate physical activity is a cheap, effective method of dealing with the virus in obese individuals. Strengthening body functions by drug-free means is very important, especially in obese individuals.
INCREASED BODY COMPOSITION: It can be defined as the amount of fat stored in the body. Physical fitness decreased during the quarantine period. l activity causes the amount of fat stored in the body to increase.
INCREASED CARDIOVASCULAR RISK: The most important social isolation recommendation in reducing the risk of infectious diseases is home quarantine. These isolations can cause long-term effects such as cardiovascular diseases and unhealthy lifestyle. As a result of the physical inactivity that will occur as a result of decreasing from 10,000 steps to 1,500 steps per day, even in a short period of two weeks, insulin sensitivity decreases in healthy individuals, lipid metabolism is impaired, visceral fatness increases and cardiovascular level decreases. .
METABOLIC SYNDROME:: Although COVID-19 is primarily a respiratory infection, individuals with Metabolic Syndrome (MS) and Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) experience disproportionately worse outcomes. The idea that physical activity is cardioprotective and that being sedentary is a risk factor for Metabolic Syndrome and Cardiovascular diseases is supported by a high level of evidence
REDUCED IMMUNITY: Exercise modalities are also known to increase immune system activity and reduce viral infections. Exercise practices performed in this context have an immunomodulatory effect. In addition, it creates a loss of immunity and increases the potential viral risk. In these patients, where exercise and weight management are seen as one of the most effective methods in regulating symptoms, it is recommended to exercise as much as possible during the quarantine period. The best option for these patients is to continue doing modalities such as walking, yoga, pilates, chair exercises, Tai Chi at moderate intensity.
OSTEOPOROSIS: Isolation and limitation significantly affect many aspects of human physiology. The loss of bone mass accelerates with decreasing physical activity during the stay at home period. Physical activity and the mechanical force applied to the bone with exercise increase osteoblastic activity
IMPAIRMENT OF MENTAL/PHYSICAL HEALTH: Decreased physical activity during the quarantine period may also affect the mental health of individuals. made Studies have shown that such outbreaks can trigger symptoms such as post-traumatic stress, depression, or confusion. Restriction of movement, loss of usual routine, and reduced social and physical contact with others often lead to boredom, frustration, and feelings of isolation. It is known that physical inactivity alone causes both mental/physical health deterioration and an increase in the disease-related mortality rate.
CHRONIC STRESS: Individuals' fear of contamination, quarantine and stigmatization during this isolation period, as well as the potential for overload and misinformation. It has created a risk factor for anxiety and depression in individuals, causing chronic stress and placing a great burden on mental health. Chronic stress has structural and functional consequences on the brain, causing changes in social behavior and limiting individuals' capacity to cope with stressful conditions during the epidemic.
FATIGUE:: Doing physical activity allows the body to secrete more serotonin hormone. Serotonin increases the level of happiness and prevents feeling tired/unpleasant...
CONCLUSION: As a result, with the increase in living standards and developing technology, the decrease in physical activity and the spread of sedentary lifestyle trigger many diseases related to physical inactivity. After WHO declared a pandemic, healthy individuals around the world are asked to stay at home. Staying at home for long periods of time poses a significant challenge to being physically active. Low levels of physical activity can have negative effects on individuals' health and quality of life. Self-quarantine and pandemic news can also create additional sources of stress and negatively affect mental health. Physical activity and relaxation techniques performed at home will help you stay calm and maintain your health during this period. WHO recommends 150 minutes of moderate physical activity or 75 minutes of vigorous physical activity, or both, per week. During this period, exercise programs can be followed through media such as television or the internet, and walking around the house or in the garden can help stay active. and standing as much as possible instead of sitting can be applied as measures to reduce inactive time. In addition to reducing the factors that cause mortality, regular physical activity also reduces morbidities and immunological factors, which are considered risk factors for undesirable situations that may occur as a result of contracting a serious COVID-19 disease. It is of great importance for the current social situation, considering its benefits on health, reducing stress, and healing effects on mental health in the short and long term.
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