Appliances used in orthodontic treatment; They can be divided into two groups: extraoral and intraoral appliances
EXTRAORAL APPARATUS
1)Headgear: In cases where the upper jaw development is excessive, it is used to both restrain the development of the upper jaw and move the upper teeth backwards. It should be used during the growth and development period to achieve skeletal effects.
2)Reverse headgear, Face mask: In cases where the development of the upper jaw is inadequate, the upper jaw and It is used to bring the upper teeth forward. The most appropriate period to achieve skeletal effects is around the ages of 9-11. It is thought to be more effective when applied together with the expansion of the upper jaw.
3)Chin cup: Promoting the development of the lower jaw. It is used to slow down and redirect growth in cases where it is excessive. It should be used as soon as it is noticed that the lower jaw is large. However, it is not very effective in extreme cases.
INTRAORAL APPARATUS
These appliances can be classified as removable appliances, functional appliances, rapid expansion appliance and retention appliances.
1)Movable appliances:They are generally used to achieve simple tooth movements in the mixed dentition period. . Slow expansion appliance, cross appliance, distalization appliance can be given as examples.
2)Functional appliances: Growth and development They are used to direct the growth of the jaws during the period. There are movable and fixed ones available.
2.1)Movable functional appliances: It is a disadvantage that they can be put on and removed by the patient. However, more skeletal effect is achieved with these appliances compared to fixed ones.
Monoblock: In cases where the lower jaw is behind or the jaw is misaligned. It is a piece that is used consecutively and is in one piece and grasps both jaws.
Twin Block: It is an appliance consisting of two parts, used to bring the lower jaw forward in cases where the lower jaw is backward.
2.2)Fixed Functional appliances:Although it is an advantage that they are fixed, it is more difficult to obtain a skeletal effect.
Forsus fatigu: It is a fixed functional appliance whose active element is a spring. It is applied through wires in the upper and lower arches.
Herbst: It is a rigid apparatus consisting of a piston system. It is applied by crowning the teeth.
Jasper Jumper: It is a fixed functional appliance consisting of a flexible spring. .
Quick expansion appliance: It is used to expand the upper jaw skeletally in cases where the upper jaw is narrow. Between the ages of 9 and 15, the appliance is most effective. Although it can be used at older ages, dental effect rather than skeletal effect is achieved as age progresses.
Retention appliances: Orthodontic treatment They are then used to prevent the teeth from returning to their old positions.
Lingual Retainer (LR): They are fixed wires that are glued to the back of the teeth. It is difficult to clean, but it is an advantage that it does not depend on patient use. It must remain in the mouth for at least 5 years, and it is also appropriate to remain for life.
Hawley: It is a movable plate made of acrylic. The fact that it is not fixed makes it easy to clean, but it requires patient cooperation. It is generally appropriate to use it for 2 years after treatment. First 8 months; all day (24 hours), next 8 months; at night (12 hours), also in the last 8 months; It is appropriate to use it every 2 nights (12 hours).
Essix Plaque: Essix transparent plaque made of �r. They are easy-to-make, aesthetic devices that depend on patient cooperation. It is preferred by patients because of its transparency.
Positioner: It is an apparatus used especially to reinforce functional treatments. It is a transparent plate that is in one piece and covers both jaws.
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