Hepatitis is inflammation of the liver and can occur due to many reasons. The most important of these is hepatitis of viral origin. It is a serious infectious disease that progresses to cirrhosis, liver tumor, liver failure and death.
On July 28, designated as "World Hepatitis Day" by the World Health Organization and the World Hepatitis Association, public attention was drawn to hepatitis diseases with events organized for the day in Turkey, as well as all over the world.
Approximately 500 million people worldwide have either Hepatitis B or Hepatitis C. If left untreated, these diseases can cause cirrhosis, as well as many other problems, including liver cancer and liver failure. Most people worry more about contracting AIDS than hepatitis, but each year 1.5 million people worldwide die from hepatitis B or C rather than AIDS.
Hepatitis groups, patients and advocates worldwide July 28' They also participate in events to celebrate this important day. Especially in 2012, a Guinness record was broken when 12,588 people from 20 countries performed the 3 Wise Monkeys actions to show their ignorance of the disease on World Hepatitis Day.
The World Health Organization 2017 Global Hepatitis Report stated that 257 million people in the world had hepatitis in 2015. It has been stated that 71 million people are infected with hepatitis B and hepatitis C infection. According to the same report, it is estimated that 1.34 million people died in 2015 due to reasons such as cirrhosis and liver cancer due to viral hepatitis.
World Health Organization' 's "Viral Hepatitis Global Strategy", which includes the goal of eliminating Hepatitis B and C; He initiated the "No Hep" movement, which aims to eliminate viral hepatitis by coming together to change the lives of more than 300 million people by 2030. On July 28, World Hepatitis Day, organizations, governments, medical professionals, non-governmental organizations, industry and the general public come together to give common messages emphasizing the importance of hepatitis and to draw attention to the disease with the help of various events.
Key interventions are needed to eliminate hepatitis, including awareness-raising, increased diagnostic skills and universal vaccination drives, blood and injection safety, and treatment. Every activity that combats viral hepatitis will be a step towards eliminating hepatitis types.
VIRAL Hepatitis
. There are different types of hepatitis viruses (A, B, C, D and E) that cause viral hepatitis. Of these, hepatitis B, C and D cause chronic liver diseases. According to 2015 figures, approximately 325 million people in the world were found to have chronic hepatitis disease. It is estimated that 1.34 million people die annually from diseases related to these virus types. Viral hepatitis is a serious public health problem that is common all over the world and closely concerns country economies. July 28 has been designated as World Hepatitis Day in order to draw attention to hepatitis, as the disease mostly shows symptoms late in the world and the majority of patients are unaware of their disease. The theme determined by the World Health Organization for Hepatitis Day 2018 is "Test and Treat Hepatitis". Thus, it is aimed to draw the attention of people who are at risk or unaware of their disease to this issue and direct them to testing and to increase the rate of treatment of patients.
In the World Health Organization 2017 Global Hepatitis Report, it was stated that 257 million people in the world were infected with hepatitis B and 71 million people with hepatitis C infection in 2015. According to the same report, it is estimated that 1.34 million people lost their lives in 2015 due to reasons such as cirrhosis and liver cancer due to viral hepatitis.
Hepatitis A virus, which causes hepatitis A infection, is transmitted mainly through the fecal-oral route (of sick people). occurs by consuming water and food contaminated with the virus excreted in feces). Hepatitis A infection, which occurs with mild symptoms in childhood, progresses more severely in older ages and can lead to severe liver disease and death. In our country, compliance with hygiene rules and cleaning conditions, increased access to clean water resources, socioeconomic conditions As a result of the improvement of other indicators related to hepatitis A and the hepatitis A vaccine applications that started as of the end of 2012, the number of cases, which was 3,624 in 2012, decreased to 471 in 2017, and the incidence of the disease, which was 4.8 per hundred thousand in 2012, decreased to 0.6 per hundred thousand in 2017. . The number of cases reported in the first six months of 2018 was 185. Currently, in our country, free hepatitis A vaccine is administered to children at the 18th and 24th months, and to people in the risk group, in 2 doses at least 6 months apart, in our health institutions. The vaccination rate was 93% in 2013 and 97% in 2017.
Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C viruses have a special importance because they can cause chronic liver disease, cirrhosis or liver cancer in the long term.
Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C;
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With uncontrolled transfusion of blood and blood products
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With medical or dental procedures using surgical equipment that has not been properly sterilized
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By sharing used syringes
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By sharing items such as razors and toothbrushes
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By tattooing, acupuncture, or the application of body jewelry with improperly sterilized instruments
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Family contact of Hepatitis B and C carriers
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From mother to baby during and after birth
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It can be transmitted through unprotected sexual intercourse.
Frequently identified ways of transmission of hepatitis C virus are transfusion of contaminated blood and blood products, intravenous drug use, surgery and other interventional procedures. In addition, sexual transmission and transmission from mother to baby are among the other ways of transmission. According to our Ministry's TSİM (Basic Health Statistics Module) data, the number of acute hepatitis C cases reported in our country decreased from 1,145 in 2005 to 256 in 2017.
The most effective way to protect against Hepatitis B disease is vaccination. Hepatitis B vaccine is a safe and effective vaccine and was added to the routine childhood vaccination schedule in our country in 1998. Routine childhood hepatitis B vaccinations, booster vaccinations given in schools between 2005 and 2009 and risk group vaccinations were followed
Hepatitis D virus can only cause disease in people infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV). In the absence of HBV, infection cannot occur. It can turn a mild HBV infection into a more severe and rapidly progressing disease. Transmission mainly occurs percutaneously (in intravenous drug addicts) and through transfusion of blood and blood products. The risk of sexual transmission and transmission from mother to baby is low.
Hepatitis E virus (HEV) transmission occurs via the fecal-oral route (consumption of water and food contaminated with the virus excreted in the feces of sick people). It is more common in adults than in children, and hepatitis E disease has a more severe course, especially when contracted during pregnancy. When pregnant women have HEV infection in the last 3 months, it may cause an increased risk of miscarriage, premature birth, severe liver failure and death. Hepatitis E virus has no specific treatment or vaccine.
The publication of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Turkey was used.
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