One of the main causes of male infertility is due to poor semen quality. Among them, the low number of sperm, the inability of the sperm to progress through the uterine canal due to impaired sperm movements, or the inability of the sperm to penetrate the egg and enter the egg due to defects in the sperm structure (morphology) are the main reasons. In addition to the number, movement and structural defects of the sperm, the absence of sperm in the semen (azoospermia) is another cause of male infertility.
The main causes of these disorders are listed below;
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Varicocele: Varicocele, which means the enlargement of the veins in the testis, disrupts the natural environment in which the sperm should grow, causing the sperm to be adversely affected. descends towards the scrotum (scrotum). This descent continues throughout pregnancy and is completed before birth. In cases where this descent cannot be completed, it is called undescended testis. For normal sperm production and normal development of the testicles, the testicles must be at a temperature a few degrees lower than body temperature. Therefore, infertility can be seen in people with a history of undescended testicles, since the testicles will be exposed to high temperatures.
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Hormonal disorders: Problems in the hormones released from the thyroid, pituitary and testicles
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Genetic abnormalities: Chromosomal disorders, genetic inherited diseases (Kleinfelter send etc.)
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Trauma and testicular infections: Sexually transmitted diseases, diseases in childhood that can involve the testis ( mumps, etc.)
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Cancers: Chemotherapy used in cancer treatment or radiation is among the causes of infertility.
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Age: As age increases hormonal changes occur, and infertility may develop due to decreased sperm production.
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Smoking and high alcohol use:
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Excessive weight
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High temperature: Tight pants, slips that keep the testicles close to the body, and extremely hot baths, saunas or work environments expose the testicles to higher temperatures and infertility.
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Immunological problems: Some of our defense cells, which are formed against sperm and destroy them, can be the cause of infertility.
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Occlusions in the sperm ducts:
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Retrograde ejaculation: Retrograde ejaculation, where semen goes to the bladder instead of being expelled from the penis is called. Conditions such as previous prostate surgery and diabetes can cause retrograde ejaculation and ultimately infertility.
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Vasectomy surgery: The operation to tie sperm ducts in men for birth control is called vasectomy operation. Even if this operation is surgically corrected, it may not be successful.
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