Spinal schwannomas are tumors arising from Schwann cells located on the surface of spinal nerves. Another name is neuroma. Schwann cells are cells that insulate and protect nerve fibers. Schwannomas are usually benign (benign) tumors, rarely malignant. The risk of schwannomas increases in people with a genetic disease called Neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2).
Reason: The exact cause of spinal schwannomas is unknown. Genetic factors are thought to play a role. Schwannomas are more common in people with NF2 disease. Common symptoms may include:
- Back and neck pain
- Weakness in arms or legs
- Numb or tingling sensation
- Coordination problems
- Problems with bladder or bowel control
Diagnosis: The following methods can be used to diagnose spinal schwannomas: Neurological examination: The doctor evaluates the patient's neurological functions and symptoms. Accordingly, spinal imaging is requested.
Imaging tests: MRI shows the size of the tumor, its location and its effect on nerve tissues. With imaging, a diagnosis of spinal cord tumor is made and surgical planning is made. Definitive diagnosis can only be made by examining the tissue sample taken during surgery in the pathology laboratory.
Pathology: In the pathology laboratory, the surgically taken biopsy sample is studied and a definitive diagnosis of schwannoma is made. At the same time, the characteristics of the tumor as to whether it is benign or malignant are determined.
Treatment: Surgery Treatment methods of spinal schwannomas depend on the size of the tumor, symptoms, and the general health status of the patient. If the tumor remains in the spinal cord, the tumor can be completely removed by opening the spinal cord with a simple laminectomy. Some schwannomas can take the form of tumors called dumbbells inside the spinal cord and also outside the spine. Dumbbell tumors are called stabilization because they are damaged in the joints. Balance must be maintained with screw implants.
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