Menstruation, or as it is commonly known among the people, can be defined as a vaginal bleeding cycle that occurs every 28 days on average. Menstruation, which can be considered as an indicator of the healthy functioning of female reproductive functions, is a physiological condition that occurs depending on hormonal oscillations. In this case, which causes vaginal bleeding, the thickened tissue on the inner surface of the uterus is expelled from the body. This situation, which is considered as the reproductive period and occurs between adolescence and menopause, is also defined as menstruation in the medical language.
What is Menstrual?
Menstruation is a physiological process and can also be defined as a person's body preparing itself for possible pregnancy. Every healthy woman experiences regular menstrual bleeding from puberty to menopause. It may differ from person to person. About 75% of women experience menstrual cramps before menstruation. The healthy functioning of this system, which consists of the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, ovaries, uterus and vagina, is necessary for reproduction. Although the menstrual period is not regular in the early stages of adolescence, it becomes regular over time.
In other words, it may take up to 2 years for the menstrual cycle to become regular after menarche (first menstrual bleeding). When the menopause period is approached, there may be differentiation in the menstrual period. The menstrual cycle, which begins between the ages of 8 and 15, ends completely between the ages of 45 and 55. The amount of blood excreted vaginally during the menstrual period also differs from person to person. In general, changing 3 to 5 pads per day is considered as an indicator that the amount of bleeding is normal.
How Does Menstruation Occur?
The menstrual cycle is the result of the stimulation of the pituitary gland in the brain, LH (Luteinizing Hormone). It starts with the secretion of hormones called luteinizing hormone) and FSH (follicle stimulating hormone, follicle stimulating hormone).
FSH mixed with the bloodstream reaches the ovaries and stimulates the egg follicles. Thus, some of the eggs in the ovarian reserve enter the maturation process. Mature eggs LH h cracks thanks to its ormon.
The most healthy egg comes out of the follicle, which can also be defined as the sac it is in, and is thrown into the fallopian tubes, which act as a channel between the ovaries and the uterus. During this process, the follicle from which the egg emerges undertakes the release of estrogen.
Thanks to the estrogen that causes the stimulation of the uterine wall, the endometrium or the uterine wall as it is known among the people thickens. Unlike sperm cells, which can survive for 4-5 days in the female body, the lifespan of the female egg is shorter.
Pregnancy occurs when the female egg, which can survive for about 24 hours in the fallopian tubes, is fertilized in this region by the sperm, which is a male reproductive cell. If pregnancy does not occur, estrogen secretion decreases and the level of progesterone in the blood increases. Thus, the thickened intrauterine wall for a possible pregnancy begins to thin out by exfoliating.
When the intrauterine tissue is thrown out of the body with some blood, menstruation, or in other words, menstrual bleeding occurs. After bleeding for about 3 to 7 days, the menstrual cycle returns and the process begins again.
If the egg is fertilized, pregnancy occurs. The embryo, formed by the combination of male and female reproductive cells, travels through the fallopian tubes to reach the uterus. The embryo, which settles in the thickened uterine wall, continues its development here.
What are Menstrual Symptoms?
One of the frequently asked questions is "What are menstrual symptoms?" is in the form. Premenstrual symptoms differ from person to person. However, the common symptoms are:
- breast swelling and tenderness,
- weight gain,
- mood swings,
- acne,
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- leg cramps,
- abdominal pain,
- premenstrual tension syndrome (PMS, premenstrual syndrome). For detailed information about premenstrual tension syndrome, what is PMS / Premenstrual tension syndrome? You can find it at.
How Many Days Does Menstruation Last?
How many days a menstrual bleeding occurs and how long it lasts is one of the issues that differ from person to person. Every healthy woman is expected to have her period every 28 days on average. However, two d An interval of less than 21 days and more than 35 days is considered a harbinger of many different health problems.
The duration and amount of menstrual bleeding also differ from person to person. It is considered normal for healthy people to have menstrual bleeding for 3 to 7 days and to change 3 to 5 pads a day during this period.
However, this situation becomes different at the onset of adolescence and menopause. During adolescence, when the first period is seen, it is not expected that the person will have a period every 28 days. Irregularity or short duration of menstruation does not indicate the presence of a reproductive system problem. During adolescence, it may take up to 2 years for a person's body to adapt to the new hormonal order. At the end of this period, the person begins to ovulate and menstruate regularly.
The same situation can be seen at the beginning of the menopause period. Reduction in the amount of vaginal bleeding, irregularity of the menstrual cycle are common symptoms during menopause.
Excessive bleeding is a condition that needs attention during adolescence, adulthood and menopause. Heavy bleeding and/or bleeding irregularities may cause additional problems in women.
Menstrual irregularity is defined according to the amount of bleeding in the menstrual period and the time between two periods. For detailed information about the types of menstrual irregularity, What is Menstrual Irregularity?
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