The endocrine system is a system formed by internal secretion glands. Endocrine glands are organs that synthesize and secrete hormones. Hormones control different activities in our body. Different types of hormones control reproduction, metabolism, growth and development. Hormones also control our response to our environment and help provide the appropriate amount of energy and nutrients necessary for our body's functions. The glands that make up the endocrine system are hypothalamus, pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, pancreas, ovaries (ovaries in women, testes in men), adrenal gland, adipose tissue, and endothelium (cells lining the inner wall of the vessel).
What is an Endocrinologist?
An endocrinologist is a doctor who deals with endocrine system diseases. Endocrinologists diagnose diseases that affect the glands. They know how to treat diseases that are often complex and involve many systems in our body.
What Do Endocrinologists Do?
Endocrinologists diagnose, monitor, and treat hormone imbalances and problems. . Homronal diseases are very diverse, for example: Diabetes, Thyroid diseases, Metabolic disorders, Over or under production of hormones, Menopause, Osteoporosis, Hypertension, Diseases related to fat metabolism, Infertility, Growth retardation (Short stature), Tumors of the glands, Obesity...
Endocrinologists may order some tests to evaluate how the glands are working.
What Type of Medical Training Do Endocrinologists Receive?
Endocrinologists complete six years of medical school and then complete a four or five-year internal medicine residency program. They spend three years learning how to diagnose and treat hormonal diseases. In total, it takes more than 13 years to train an endocrinologist.
What are the Most Common Endocrine Diseases and Disorders?
Diseases and disorders of the endocrine system can be grouped in various different areas. The main areas of endocrinology are described below.
Diabetes
Patients with diabetes have too much sugar in their blood. Recent studies have shown that blood sugar control It has been shown that it can help prevent serious problems that diabetes can cause. These problems are related to the eyes, kidneys and nerves and can lead to blindness, kidney failure, dialysis or gangrene in patients with poor blood sugar regulation. Endocrinologists treat diabetes with diet and oral medications or insulin. They work with and monitor patients to control blood sugar so they can prevent health problems that may develop.
Thyroid
Patients with thyroid disorders often have problems with their energy levels. . In addition, they may have problems with muscle stiffness, sensory disturbances, weight control, and tolerance to heat or cold. Endocrinologists treat patients with excess (hyperthyroidism) or deficiency (hypothyroidism) of thyroid hormone caused by an overactive or underactive thyroid. They help patients maintain their hormone balance by either administering thyroid hormone or blocking excess hormone. Endocrinologists are also trained to treat thyroid nodules, thyroid cancer, and enlarged thyroid tissue (goiter).
Bone
Osteomalacia in adults (rickets in childhood), which softens bones ) and osteoporosis, parathyroid diseases that disrupt calcium balance and develop osteoporosis are bone diseases diagnosed and treated by endocrinologists. Osteoporosis is a disease that weakens the skeleton. Some hormones have a protective effect on bone tissue and some hormones have a degrading effect. When hormone levels are abnormal, bones can lose calcium and become weak. Menopause in women and loss of testicular function and aging in men can put you at risk for bone fractures.
Reproductive / Infertility
Approximately one in every ten couples in the world has a child. cannot own it. Endocrine research has helped thousands of couples have children. Endocrinologists diagnose and treat hormone disorders that can cause infertility. They work with patients who need hormone administration. Problems that endocrinologists treat in reproductive endocrinology include menopausal complaints, menstrual irregularities, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), premenstrual syndrome and impotence (sexual impotence).
Obesity and Overweight
Endocrinologists investigate and treat overweight and obese patients due to metabolic and hormonal problems. Obese people have too much body fat. Thyroid, adrenal, ovarian and pituitary disorders can cause obesity. Endocrinologists also evaluate and treat insulin resistance and genetic problems associated with obesity.
Pituitary Gland
The pituitary gland is often called the body's main secretory gland because it is responsible for other glands. He has control. The pituitary produces several important hormones. Excess or deficiency of pituitary hormones can lead to infertility, menstrual disorders, growth disorders (excessive growth or short stature), cortisol imbalances (obesity or underweight), and prolactin excesses. Endocrinologists control these conditions with medications and refer patients who need surgery.
Growth
Children and adults are affected by not having enough growth hormone. Pediatric endocrinologists treat children with endocrine disorders that lead to short stature and other growth disorders. Adults with growth hormone deficiency experience emotional stress and fatigue. Safe and effective growth hormone treatment is available for these people.
Hypertension
Hypertension means high blood pressure and is a risk factor for heart disease. More than 10% of people have high blood pressure due to excess aldosterone, a hormone synthesized in the adrenal gland. About half of these cases have diseases that can be treated with surgery. Metabolic syndrome or pheochromocytoma, a rare adrenal disorder, can also cause hormone imbalance, causing hypertension. All of these conditions can be treated successfully.
Lipid Disorders
Patients with lipid disorders have problems maintaining normal body fat (cholesterol) levels. The most common lipid disorders; It is excess cholesterol, excess triglyceride, or low protective cholesterol (HDL Cholesterol). High levels of this fat are associated with heart (coronary) disease, stroke, and peripheral vascular disease (circulatory problems in the legs). endocrine Clinicians are trained to detect hypothyroidism (low thyroid hormone), medication use (such as cortisone), genetic or metabolic conditions that may be associated with lipid disorders. Lipid disorders may coexist with conditions such as diabetes, metabolic syndrome, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and obesity that require special management. Special diets, exercise, and medications may be administered to treat hyperlipidemia and other lipid disorders.
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