Fats in our body generally consist of triglycerides, phospholipids and cholesterol. While triglycerides and phospholipids are generally in the structure of fatty acids, cholesterol is synthesized from fatty acid breakdown products.
90% of the fats in our body are taken with food, and 10% are synthesized in the liver. 50-150g of fat is taken daily with the diet, 90% of the fat taken consists of triglycerides (triacylglycerol) and the rest consists of cholesterol, phospholipids and free fatty acids. Triglycerides serve as energy and fuel storage in our body. Cholesterol is a very useful building block for our body. Cholesterol is involved in many cellular activities, the cell membrane, the nervous system, and the structure of hormones. A very low cholesterol level can be as dangerous as a very high cholesterol level. 75% of cholesterol is produced in the liver and 25% is taken with food. While an average of 1000 mg per day is produced by the liver, 150-250 mg is taken with food.
In order for fats and cholesterol to be transported in the blood, they must be bound to a substance consisting of lipid (fat) and protein called lipoprotein. The characteristic feature of cholesterol occurs depending on the density of proteins. Cholesterol, which is LDL (Low density lipoprotein) bound to low density proteins, is considered harmful. This cholesterol contributes greatly to the formation of plaques in the arteries, known as atherosclerosis.
Those carried by high-density proteins represent benign cholesterol. This cholesterol is responsible for carrying the bad cholesterol (LDL) accumulated in the veins to the liver. In other words, they try to protect the vessels from plaque development. Low levels of these in the blood also predispose to arteriosclerosis. The most important factor that increases their levels in the blood is regular daily exercise such as walking.
Triglycerides, cholesterol esters and phospholipids are broken down by the pancreatic lipase enzyme released from the pancreas. Almost all of it is absorbed by the intestinal mucosa, and triglycerides are formed from 2-monoglycerides in these cells. In addition, small amounts of cholesterol and phospholipirs are added to these, forming the chylomicron, which is a water-soluble and transportable structure, and enters the lymph circulation.
The structure of chylomicrons in; It contains 85% triglyceride, 1% free cholesterol, 2% protein, 3% free cholesterol, 9% phospholipid. Triglycerides in chylomicrons are broken down by lipoprotein lipase and converted into fatty acids.
Triglycerides stored in blood and fat tissue are used to meet energy needs. They are released from fat tissue cells when energy is needed.
It is broken down into Triglyceride+3H2O and Glycerol+3 fatty acids. Free fatty acids entering the circulation from adipose tissue are transported by binding to albumin and used by tissues for energy purposes. With the breakdown of 1 mole of fatty acids, 146 ATP is formed, with the breakdown of 1 mole of triglycerides, a total of 457 moles of ATP are released, including 3 fatty acids 3X146 = 438 ATP and 1 mole glycerol = 19 ATP.
The effect of nutrition on cholesterol and triglyceride levels
While a significant portion of the daily sugar intake is used directly in the muscles and brain for energy purposes, some of it is stored as glycogen. Larger amounts of sugar are converted into triglycerides in the liver and stored in fat tissue.
There is a serious relationship between the increase in triglyceride levels in the blood and coronary vascular disease, diabetes and fatty liver.
100mg/kg in healthy individuals. dl
Borderline elevation: 150-199mg/dl
High: 200-499mg/dl
Very high: 500 and above mg/dl is accepted.
Those that increase triglyceride levels in the blood:
Use of solid fat,
Alcohol use,
Foods rich in carbohydrates,
Sugary drinks, white bread,
Bakery foods such as cakes, cakes
Fruits and their juices
Problems due to high triglycerides;
Consumption of many nutrients increases the level of bad cholesterol. They increase rapidly and become very dangerous for our health. Accordingly, the risk of stroke and heart attack increases significantly. Hormones, drugs and toxins given to animals by direct intake of milk containing saturated fat enter our body. Accordingly, we cause an increase in the cholesterol level in our body and fatigue in the liver. Therefore, it does not matter whether it is fatty, low-fat or skim milk. Similar situation ice cream and cheese.
The same problems apply to fast food foods such as hamburgers, pizza, and potato chips. These foods have both high hydrogenated saturated fat and high carbohydrate content. Consumption of these products causes an increase in bad cholesterol levels in a short time. Additionally, these products contain toxic proteins that are not suitable for health. These products are harmful to our health in proportion to the fact that they are obtained very cheaply and very quickly.
Animal proteins such as beef or tomato, shellfish and poultry are also negative food items for our cholesterol level and health.
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Daily consumption of certain amounts of vegetable proteins and fish, especially salmon, is very beneficial.
It is also necessary to be careful when consuming eggs. High levels of cholesterol and fats are contained in egg yolk. Although its consumption is not recommended, mainly beneficial nutrients, antioxidant substances and beneficial proteins are contained in the egg yolk. Therefore, it would be beneficial to consume it slightly boiled. It is necessary to avoid cooking eggs with butter or vegetable oils. It is beneficial to consume organic or free-range chicken eggs.
Other foods that should be consumed in a limited manner are foods such as cakes, muffins, puaça, buns, Durum, bread, cookies and pastries. A similar situation applies to foods such as crackers, chips and bagels. These are foods with a high percentage of hydrogenated and saturated fat, and their consumption is very harmful to our health. These foods additionally contain high amounts of carbohydrates.
Therefore, the combination of bad fats and carbohydrates poses a danger to our health by increasing bad cholesterol.
The most desired and easily accessible foods are the most dangerous foods. We must be aware that it is.
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